配方奶添加半乳糖-低聚糖对婴儿肠道微生态调节作用的研究

Effects of infant formula containing galacto-oligosaccharides on the intestinal microflora in infants

摘要:

目的：观察婴儿配方奶（Frisolac Advanced）添加半乳糖-低聚糖，对婴儿肠道微生态和肠道内发酵的影响，并与母乳和原有配方奶（Frisolac H）比较其功能特点。方法：选取华东、华南地区2个城市的4家医院，选择足月健康新生儿，随机分配进入已添加半乳糖-低聚糖2.4 g/L的配方喂养组（Frisolac Advanced）/ 未添加低聚糖的配方喂养组（Frisolac H）, 并选择纯母乳喂养为参考对照。共371个健康足月儿参与此项目。我们邀请所有参与的婴儿在满3个月时入院，采样检测大便中肠道微生态（双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、大肠杆菌）和短链脂肪酸（乙酸），测定大便pH值，并记录婴儿体格生长、大便性状与机体抵抗力。结果：在婴儿满3个月时，Frisolac Advanced 配方喂养组和纯母乳喂养组肠道益生菌（双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌）数量均显著高于Frisolac H配方喂养组，Frisolac Advanced配方喂养组和纯母乳喂养组之间差异无显著性； 各组间肠道大肠杆菌数量差异无显著性。与原有配方（Frisolac H）比较，配方添加半乳糖-低聚糖2.4 g/L可显著提高大便短链脂肪酸（乙酸）含量，降低大便pH值，改善大便性状，提高大便次数，增加大便体积。配方添加半乳糖-低聚糖2.4 g/L喂养婴儿，未见明显肠道不良反应（哭闹，溢奶，呕吐）。结论：婴儿配方奶添加半乳糖-低聚糖2.4 g/L，可部分模拟母乳功能，调整肠道微生态，提高肠道益生菌数量，促进肠道内营养物质酵解产生短链脂肪酸，并改善大便性状。

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of a low level of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) on intestinal bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, and fermentation characteristics in term infants by comparing with human milk and a standard infant formula without GOS. METHODS: A total of 371 term infants from four hospitals of China were enrolled. The infants started with breast-feeding. After 1-2 weeks, some of the infants were changed to feeding with formula milk and then were randomly assigned to two formula-feeding groups: with or without GOS supplementation (2.4 g/L). Growth, stool characteristics, and side effects were recorded in a 3-month-follow-up. Faecal samples were collected for analysis of intestinal bacteria (culture technique), acetic acid (gas chromatography) and pH (indicator strip) at postnatal 3 months. RESULTS: Compared with the formula-feeding group without GOS, the contents of bifidobacteria, lactobacilli and acetic acid and stool frequency increased, and faecal pH decreased significantly in the GOS-formula-feeding and the human milk group. There were no significant differences between the GOS-formula-feeding and the human milk groups. Supplementation with GOS did not lead to an increase in the incidence of crying, regurgitation and vomiting. CONCLUSIONS: A supplementation of low levels of GOS in infant formula seemed to improve stool frequency, decrease faecal pH, and stimulate intestinal bifidobacteria and lactobacilli up to levels as found in breast-fed infants.