湖南省城镇学龄前儿童血铅水平流行病学调查

An epidemiologic survey on blood lead levels in preschool children living in towns of Hunan Province

摘要:

目的：调查湖南省城镇学龄前儿童血铅水平及影响因素，为儿童铅中毒的防治提供科学依据。方法：2008年9月至2009年6月整群随机抽取湖南省12个地区城镇学龄前儿童2 044名，男1 108名，女936名，年龄2～6岁，平均4.4±1.1岁。采用原子吸收光谱法测定末梢血血铅水平, 并采用《中国部分城市儿童铅中毒防治项目调查表》进行问卷调查。Logistic回归分析血铅水平的影响因素。结果：湖南省学龄前儿童平均血铅值为81.9±34.5 μg/L。血铅水平≥100 μg/L者482例，占23.58%。其中血铅水平100～199 μg/L(高铅血症)472例，占23.09%,血铅水平≥200 μg/L（铅中毒）10例，占0.49%。不同年龄组间血铅异常(血铅水平≥100 μg/L)率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。男童的血铅异常率为28.99%，高于女童的 21.98% （P<0.01）。不同地区儿童血铅异常率差异亦有统计学意义 (P<0.01)。回归分析显示，男性(OR=1.449, P<0.01)、父亲从事铅暴露职业(OR=1.314, P<0.01)及母亲常用染发剂（OR=1.678，P<0.05）为儿童血铅异常的危险因素。结论：湖南省城镇学龄前儿童血铅异常率较高。该省城镇学龄前儿童血铅异常率与儿童所在地区和年龄有关。男性、父亲从事铅暴露职业及母亲常用染发剂为儿童血铅异常的危险因素。［中国当代儿科杂志，2010，12（8）：645-649］

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE: To investigate blood lead levels (BLLs) and influencing factors of BLLs among preschool children living in towns of Hunan Province. METHODS: A total of 2 044 preschool children (1 108 boys and 936 girls) from towns of 12 regions in Hunan Province were enrolled by a cluster sampling between September 2008 and June 2009. The average age of the children was 4.4±1.1 years (range 2 to 6 years). BLLs were determined using the atomic absorption spectrographic method. The influencing factors of BLLs were investigated using a standard questionnaire and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The mean BLLs of the children were 81.9±34.5 μg/L. BLLs more than 100 μg/ L were noted in 482 children (23.58%). Of the 482 children, 472 (23.09%) showed BLLs of 100-199 μg/L and 10 (0.49%) showed BLLs ≥200 μg/L. There were significant differences in the prevalence of elevated BLLs (≥100 μg/L) among different age groups (P<0.01). The prevalence of elevated BLLs in boys (28.99%) was significantly higher than that in girls (21.98%) (P<0.01). There were significant differences in the prevalence of elevated BLLs in children from different regions (P<0.01). The logistic regression analysis showed that the male(OR=1.449, P<0.01), father’s occupational lead exposure (OR=1.314, P<0.01)and maternal frequent use of hair dyes (OR=1.678, P<0.05) were risk factor for elevated BLLs. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of elevated BLLs is higher in preschool children living in towns of Hunan Province and is associated with a child’s region and age. The male, father’s occupational lead exposure and maternal frequent use of hair dyes are risk factor for elevated BLLs. ［Chin J Contemp Pediatr, 2010, 12 (8):645-649］