婴幼儿喘息的病因及相关危险因素分析

Etiology and risk factors of infantile wheezing

摘要:

目的：调查婴幼儿喘息的病因及相关危险因素。方法：回顾性复习180例喘息婴幼儿的临床资料，采用logistic回归分析调查喘息发作的危险因素。结果：病因分布中由病毒诱发的喘息占33.3%，哮喘占19.4%，支原体感染占6.7%，胃食道反流占12.8%，支气管肺发育畸形占4.4%，早产占7.8%，父母吸烟以及特殊环境占15.6%。多因素logistic回归分析显示，父母过敏史、患儿食物以及吸入变应原致敏、病毒感染、支原体感染、早产、特殊环境等7个因素最终进入主效应模型，与喘息发作有显著相关性。结论：婴幼儿喘息发作以病毒诱发为主，哮喘的比例也相对较高，遗传因素、自身特应性、环境因素与喘息发作密切相关。

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE: To study the etiology and risk factors of infantile wheezing. METHODS: The clinical data of 180 infants with wheezing were retrospectively studied. The risk factors for wheezing attacks were investigated by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Viral infection (33.3%) was the most common cause for wheezing attacks, followed by asthma (19.4%), parental smoking and special environments (15.6%), gastroesophageal reflux disease (12.8%), premature delivery (7.8%), Mycoplasma infection (6.7%), and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (4.4%). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed 7 factors that significantly correlated with wheezing attacks: allergic history of parents, sensitization to alimentary or inspiratory allergens, viral or Mycoplasma infection, premature delivery and special environments. CONCLUSIONS: The commonest cause of infantile wheezing is viral infection, followed by asthma. Genetic factors, individual atopic constitution and environmental factors play important roles in wheezing attacks.