城市地区抚养模式与幼儿饮食特征及气质的关联研究

Association of rearing patterns with diet and temperament traits among infants in urban areas

摘要:

目的：探讨城市地区三种主要抚养模式对幼儿饮食特征和气质特征的影响。方法：从2008年合肥市妇幼保健院出生队列资料中，随机选取480例25～30月龄儿童家庭为研究对象，应用1～3岁婴幼儿气质问卷、幼儿食物频率问卷和家庭环境调查表行入户调查。结果：在所调查的430个家庭中，父母抚养模式、隔代抚养模式和父母、隔代联合抚养模式分别占33.0%、21.2%和45.8%。父母抚养模式幼儿倾向于加工类食物饮食特征，其适应性和节律性均较差。隔代抚养模式幼儿倾向于果蔬类食物和谷物类食物饮食特征，其节律性较差。联合抚养模式幼儿倾向于水产类食物和果蔬类食物饮食特征，其适应性和节律性较好。线性回归模型结果显示，倾向于水产类食物、高蛋白食物和果蔬类食物饮食特征的幼儿有更积极的气质表现，而倾向于加工类食物饮食特征的幼儿其消极的气质特征更明显。结论：城市地区联合抚养模式家庭中幼儿的饮食特征更健康，气质表现更积极。饮食特征与幼儿气质间的因果关系有待进一步探讨。

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of rearing patterns on diet and temperament traits among infants in urban areas. METHODS: A total of 480 25-30-month-old infants were randomly selected from the birth cohort in Hefei Maternal and Child Health Care Center in 2008. A household survey was conducted using China Toddler Temperament Scale (CTTS), Dietary Characteristics Questionnaire and Family Environment Questionnaire. RESULTS: Of the 430 surveyed households, there were three main rearing patterns including parents rearing pattern (Group A), grandparents rearing pattern (Group B) and joint rearing pattern (Group C), accounting for 33.0%, 21.2% and 45.8%, respectively. Infants in Group A tended to adopt processed food pattern, with poor rhythmicity and adaptability; infants in Group B tended to adopt fruit, vegetable, and cereals-based food pattern, with relatively poor rhythmicity; infants in Group C tended to adopt aquatic products and fruit/vegetable-based food pattern, with good rhythmicity and adaptability. Linear regression model showed that infants who consumed more aquatic products, high-protein food, and fruits/vegetables had more positive temperamental traits, whereas infants who consumed more processed foods had more negative temperamental traits. CONCLUSIONS: A joint rearing pattern may be a favorable rearing style for infants aged 25-30 months in urban areas in terms of diet and temperament traits.