癫癎患儿共患注意缺陷多动障碍的临床分析

Co-morbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children with epilepsy

摘要:

目的：评估癫癎患儿共患注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的共患率，探讨引起癫癎患儿共患ADHD的相关危险因素。方法：选取符合癫癎和癫癎综合征诊断标准、年龄在6～15岁的患儿256例，调查癫癎患儿与ADHD的共患率及危险因素。结果：192例患儿完成系统评定。ADHD的共患率为42.2%。首次发作年龄越早，抗癫癎药物治疗时程越长及多种抗癫癎药物联合应用者癫癎共患ADHD的共患率越高；Lennox-Gastaut 综合征和全身强直-阵挛发作型癫癎及脑电图提示多病灶起源的癫癎患儿ADHD共患率较高。结论：ADHD在癫癎患儿中的共患率较高。癫癎患儿共患ADHD相关的危险因素包括：癫癎的首次发作年龄、癫癎发作类型、癫癎综合征的类型、脑电图特征及抗癫癎药物的使用。

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children with epilepsy, and the factors that may contribute to the prevanlence of co-morbidity between ADHD and epilepsy. METHODS: A total of 256 children aged 6-15 years old who were diagnosed with epilepsy were enrolled. The prevalence of ADHD in children with epilepsy, and the factors that may contribute to the development of co-morbidity between ADHD and epilepsy were explored. RESULTS: The systematic evaluation in 192 patients was completed. Of the 192 children, 81 (42.2%) were diagnosed with ADHD. The earlier the epilepsy onset, the higher the frequency of the co-morbidity of ADHD occurring. The longer the period of antiepileptic medication, the higher the prevalence of the co-morbidity of ADHD. Epileptic children receiving a combination of antiepileptic drugs had a higher prevalence of ADHD. ADHD was more common in children with some specific types of epilepsy, such as Lannox-Gastaut syndrome and generalized tonic-clonic epilepsy, or epilepsy with multifocal epileptic discharges in the EEG record. CONCLUSIONS: ADHD occurs frequently in children with epilepsy. The factors associated with increased risk of ADHD include the onset age of epilepsy, the types of seizures or epileptic syndromes, the epileptiform EEG discharges, and the effects of antiepileptic drugs.