具有喘息症状或过敏性疾病的年幼儿皮肤点刺试验结果分析

Results of skin prick test in young children with wheezing or allergic diseases

摘要:

目的：通过分析0~5岁儿童变应原皮肤点刺试验结果，了解具有喘息症状的可疑哮喘及过敏性疾病症状的患儿对吸入变应原过敏反应的特点，为儿童哮喘及过敏性疾病的早期诊断提供依据。方法：选择2010年9月1日至12月31日长沙市某社区0~5岁具有喘息症状或过敏性疾病症状的患儿共102例为变应原筛查组；对照组选择同年龄组无喘息及过敏性疾病史的儿童94例。两组均进行变应原皮肤点刺试验。结果：变应原筛查组皮肤点刺试验阳性率61.8%（63/102）明显高于对照组的9.6%（9/94），差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；反复喘息合并过敏性鼻炎者的皮肤点刺试验阳性率明显高于单纯喘息组（P<0.05）；喘息次数与皮肤点刺试验阳性率呈正相关（r=0.91，P<0.05）；对螨虫的皮肤点刺试验阳性率（24.2%）明显高于其他过敏原（3.5%），差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；粉尘螨的皮肤点刺阳性率（50.0%）明显高于屋尘螨（14.7%），差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：早期儿童喘息可能是发生过敏性哮喘的重要因素；变应原皮肤点刺试验是诊断过敏性疾病的重要依据，并有助于评估喘息患儿对吸入性变应原的过敏反应特点。

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE: To study the characteristics of allergic reactions to common aeroallergens in young children with wheezing or allergic diseases by examining the results of skin prick test in children under 5 years old. METHODS: A total of 196 children under 5 years old, from a district of Changsha City sampled between September 1 to December 31, 2010, were assigned into two groups according to the presence of wheezing or allergic diseases: allergen screening (n=102) and control (n=94). Skin prick tests were performed on both groups. RESULTS: The positive rate of skin prick test in the allergen screening group was 61.8% (63/102), and this was significantly higher than in the control group (9.6%, 9/94; P<0.05). In the allergen screening group, the positive rate of skin prick test in children with both recurrent wheezing and allergic rhinitis was significantly higher than in children with wheezing alone (P<0.05). The frequency of wheezing was positively correlated with a positive skin prick test (r=0.91; P<0.05). The positive rate of skin prick test for mites was significantly higher than for other aeroallergens (24.2% vs 3.5%; P<0.05) in the allergen screening group. Skin prick testing of the children for dermatophagoides farinae showed a higher positive rate than for dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (50.0% vs 14.7%; P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Wheezing in early childhood may be associated with the occurrence of asthma. Skin prick testing contributes to the diagnosis of allergic diseases and assessment of allergic reactions to aeroallergens in children with wheezing.