成都市9~15岁儿童出生情况与体格指标流行病学调查

Epidemiological investigation of birth information and physique status in 9 to 15-year-old children from Chengdu City of Sichuan Province

摘要:

目的：宫内环境可能对儿童生长发育产生影响，通过流行病学调查研究四川省成都市9~15岁儿童出生胎龄、体重与体格发育指标的关系。方法：调查9~15岁的中小学学生共7194名，根据出生胎龄及体重对儿童进行分类（包括小于胎龄儿、适于胎龄儿、大于胎龄儿），测量身高、体重，并对其家长进行问卷调查。结果：被调查人群小于胎龄儿发生率为6.23%（448例），其中身高未出现“追赶生长”（低于均值两个标准差）为5.13%，且多个年龄段儿童平均身高低于适于胎龄儿（P<0.05）。大于胎龄儿发生率为18.06% (1299例)，大于胎龄儿中超重发生率为13.78% (179 例)，肥胖发生率为4.39%（57例），且多个年龄段儿童平均体重大于适于胎龄儿（P<0.05）。结论：出生时为小于胎龄儿、大于胎龄儿的儿童在远期生长发育中，可以出现身高和体重异于正常儿童，应关注这类孩子在学龄期的身高体重发育情况。

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE: As the intrauterine environment can affect childhood growth and development, this study aims to understand the relationship between birth gestational age, birth weight and physique development in 9 to 15-year-old children by a cross sectional investigation in Chengdu City, Sichuan Province. METHODS: A total of 7194 9 to 15-year-old school children were classified according to birth gestational age and birth weight: small for gestational age (SGA), appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and large for gestational age (LGA). Their heights and weights were measured. Parents completed a questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalence of SGA was 6.23% (448 cases), and 5.13% of children in the SGA group did not undergo "catch-up growth" (lower than -2 SD). The mean height in these children at various stages was significantly lower than in the AGA group (P<0.05). The prevalence of LGA was 18.06% (1299 cases). A total of 179 children (13.78%) were found to be overweight and 57 children (4.39%) were found to be obese in the LGA group. The mean weight in the LGA group at various stages was significantly higher than in the AGA group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Height and weight development in children born SGA and LGA are different from normal children. More attention should be given to aspects of height and weight development in these school children.