上海嘉定地区儿童过敏原调查及过敏原与支气管哮喘的相关性

Allergens and their relationships to childhood bronchial asthma in the Jiading District of Shanghai

摘要:

目的：分析上海嘉定地区过敏原及其与支气管哮喘发生的相关性。方法：上海嘉定南翔医院382 例4~12岁缓解期支气管哮喘患儿作为病例组（哮喘组），采用整群随机法抽取上海嘉定地区2所学校和2所幼儿园402例4~10岁儿童（普查组）作为对照，对儿童家庭生活状况及过敏性疾病患病情况进行问卷调查，并进行18种常见过敏原皮肤点刺试验（SPT）。普查组按出生地分为移居组（219例）和常住组（183例），分析家庭生活环境与SPT阳性率的相关性。结果：嘉定地区儿童过敏原主要为：粉尘螨、户尘螨、海虾、蟑螂、狗毛。哮喘组SPT阳性率为67.9%，显著高于普查组（31.8%），二者差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。移居组家庭生活环境与常住组有明显差异（P＜0.01），移居组SPT阳性率明显低于常住组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。结论：上海嘉定地区儿童主要过敏原为粉尘螨、户尘螨、海虾、蟑螂、狗毛；哮喘儿童对过敏原更具易感性；儿童生活环境与SPT阳性率存在一定相关性。

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE: To study allergens and their relationship to the occurrence of childhood bronchial asthma in the Jiading District of Shanghai. METHODS: Three hundred and eighty-two 4 to 12-year-old children with asthma in the remission stage from Nanxiang Hospital in the Jiading District of Shanghai were used as a case group (asthma group), and 402 children from two primary schools and two kindergartens in Jiading were enrolled by cluster sampling and served as control group. Parents of the children completed a questionnaire on living conditions and allergy-related disease history. Skin prick test (SPT) for 18 common allergens was carried out in both groups. In order to examine the effect of environment and living conditions on SPT results, children in the control group were further divided into two sub-groups according to birth place: migrant (219 cases) and resident (183 cases). RESULTS: SPT results revealed that the main allergens identified in the Jiading region were dermatophagoides farinae, house dust mites, shrimps, cockroaches, and dog hair. The SPT positive rate was 67.9% in the asthma group, and this was significantly higher than in the control group (31.8%) (P<0.01). The environment and living conditions in the migrant group were significantly different from the resident group (P<0.01), whereas the SPT positive rate for this group was significantly lower than in the resident group (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Allergens in the Jiading region mainly originate from dermatophagoides farinae, household dust mites, shrimps, cockroaches and dog hair. Children with asthma are more susceptible to allergens. Environment and living conditions may be relevant, to a certain extent, to an SPT positive rate.