小儿慢性咳嗽的病因分析

Causes of chronic cough in children

摘要:

目的：研究儿童慢性咳嗽的病因。方法：对2010年8月至2011年9月132例慢性咳嗽患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析，调查慢性咳嗽的病因构成。结果：咳嗽变异性哮喘是慢性咳嗽最常见的病因（56例次），其次为上气道咳嗽综合征（44例次）、感染/感染后咳嗽（22例次）、变应性咳嗽（8例次）、胃食管反流性咳嗽（5例次），3例次为其他病因。感染/感染后咳嗽在婴儿组（<1岁）、幼儿组（1岁~）、学龄前儿童组（3岁~）、学龄期儿童组（6~14岁）间的病因分布差异有统计学意义（χ2=11.638，P=0.001），其中<1岁的婴儿组感染/感染后咳嗽的比例高于其他3个年龄组（P<0.05）。感染/感染后咳嗽是婴儿组（<1岁）慢性咳嗽的主要病因，咳嗽变异性哮喘和上气道咳嗽综合征是幼儿组（1岁~）、学龄前儿童组（3岁~）、学龄期儿童组（6~14岁）慢性咳嗽的主要病因。变应性咳嗽、咳嗽变异性哮喘以及上气道咳嗽综合征患儿有较高比例的个人过敏史、不良外界环境接触史以及家族过敏/哮喘史。结论：咳嗽变异性哮喘、上气道咳嗽综合征、感染/感染后咳嗽是儿童慢性咳嗽的主要病因。不同年龄组患儿慢性咳嗽的主要病因不同。具有个人过敏史、不良外界环境接触史以及家族过敏/哮喘史的慢性咳嗽患儿更易患变应性咳嗽、咳嗽变异性哮喘以及上气道咳嗽综合征。

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE: To study the causes of chronic cough in children. METHODS: Retrospective analysis was carried out on the clinical data of 132 children with chronic cough from August 2010 to September 2011. RESULTS: Several conditions were found to contribute to chronic cough in children, including cough variant asthma (CVA, n=56), upper airway cough syndrome (UACS, n=44), infections/postinfectious cough (IC/PIC, n=22), allergic cough (AC, n=8), gastroesophageal reflux cough (GERC, n=5), and others (n=3). There was significant difference in the distribution of IC/IPC among an infant group (1 year), a group of preschool aged children (>3 years) and a group of school-age children (6-14 years) (χ2=11.638, P=0.001), and the infant group showed a significantly higher prevalence of IC/PIC than the other three age groups (P<0.05). IC/PIC was the main cause of chronic cough in the infant group, while CVA and UACS were the main causes in each of the other groups. A relatively large proportion of AC, CVA and UACS cases had a personal history of allergy, a family history of allergy/asthma and a history of exposure to harmful environments. CONCLUSIONS: CVA, UACS, and IC/PIC are main causes of chronic cough in children, varying among different age groups. Children with a personal history of allergy, family history of allergy/asthma and a history of exposure to harmful environment are more vulnerable to AC, CVA and UACS.