3085例儿童过敏性疾病吸入性过敏原皮肤点刺试验及临床意义

Clinical significance of skin prick test for inhalant allergens in 3085 children with allergic diseases

摘要:

目的：探讨西安及其周边地区儿童过敏性疾病吸入性过敏原状况及分布，为该地区儿童过敏性疾病的防治提供理论依据。方法：采用丹麦ALK-ABELL公司提供的13种标准化变应原皮肤点刺液，对2006年7月至2011年7月因各种过敏性疾病等原因就诊的来自西安及其周边地区的3085例儿童进行吸入性过敏原皮肤点刺试验（skin prick test, SPT）。结果：3085例患儿中，吸入性SPT阳性1368例，阳性率为44-34%。过敏原阳性率较高的前5位依次为屋尘螨804例（26.06%）、粉尘螨793例（25.71%）、热带螨440例（14.26%）、艾蒿282例（9.14%）、猫毛204例（6.61%）。<4岁组、4岁～组、7～15岁组SPT阳性率依次为28.66%、41.85%、58.61%，组间比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.01），表现为随年龄增长SPT阳性率增加。男性SPT阳性率较女性高（47.78% vs 38.50%，P<0.05）。在各种不同的过敏性疾病中，以过敏性鼻炎患儿的SPT阳性率最高，达72.41%，其次依次为支气管哮喘（62-25%）、变态反应性皮肤病（45-83%）、过敏性紫癜（36.28%）。结论：西安及其周边地区儿童过敏性疾病吸入性过敏原以屋尘螨、粉尘螨、热带螨、艾蒿、猫毛等为主；SPT阳性率随年龄增长而增加；男性儿童SPT阳性率较女性高；在常见过敏性疾病中，以过敏性鼻炎患儿SPT阳性率最高。

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the main inhalant allergens and their distribution patterns in children with allergic diseases from Xi’an and the surrounding area and to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases in children. METHODS: Skin prick test was performed using liquid with 13 standardized allergens (ALK-ABELL, Denmark) on 3085 children from Xi′an and the surrounding area who were treated for allergic diseases between July 2006 and July 2011, to detect inhalant allergens. RESULTS: Of the 3085 patients, 1368 (44.34%) had positive SPT results, with the most prevalent inhalant allergen being Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (804 cases, 26.06%), followed by Dermatophagoides farinae (793 cases, 25.71%), Blomia tropicalis (440 cases, 14.26%), mugwort (282 cases, 9.14%), and cat hair (204 cases, 6.61%). The positive rates were 28.66% in the <4 years group, 41.85% in the 4-6 years group, and 58.61% in the 7-15 years group (P<0.01). Males had a significantly higher SPT positive rate than females (47.78% vs 38.50%； P<0.05). The SPT positive rate was highest in children with allergic rhinitis (72.41%), followed by bronchial asthma (62-25%), allergic dermatosis (45.83%), and allergic purpura (36.28%). CONCLUSIONS: In children from Xi′an and the surrounding area, the main inhalant allergens for allergic diseases include Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, Blomia tropicalis, mugwort and cat hair. The SPT positive rate increases with age. Male children have a higher SPT positive rate than female children. The SPT positive rate is highest in children with allergic rhinitis.