2010～2011年深圳市福田区0～14岁儿童哮喘流行病学调查

Epidemiological survey of asthma in children aged 0-14 years in the Futian District of Shenzhen, China between 2010 and 2011

摘要:

目的：调查2010～2011年深圳市福田区0～14岁儿童哮喘患病情况及哮喘发病的危险因素，为今后儿童哮喘的防治工作提供科学依据。方法：首先通过多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法，采用2010年第三次全国儿童哮喘流行病学调查问卷，调查深圳市福田区7168名0～14岁儿童哮喘患病情况；其次采用1∶1病例对照研究方法和logistic回归分析法对哮喘患儿的发病危险因素进行调查。结果：在调查的7168人中，哮喘患儿169人，总患病率为2.36%。男性患病率高于女性（3.06% vs 1.55%，P<0.01）。哮喘患儿中，首次发病以3岁内居多（115人，68.1%）；经常发作强度以中度最常见（95人，56.2%）；发作类型以突然发作最多（159人，94.1%）；好发季节为换季（86人，50.9%）；好发时辰为睡前（97人，57.4%）；发作诱因最常见的为呼吸道感染（157人，92.9%）；发作先兆最常见的为打喷嚏（159人，94.1%）。通过对169例哮喘患儿及169例非哮喘儿童的病例对照研究并且经logistic回归分析显示，哮喘发病的独立危险因素包括：个人药物过敏史（OR=3.645，95%CI：1.316，10.094，P=0.013）、食物过敏史（OR=4.720，95%CI：1.987，11.212，P<0.001）、过敏性鼻炎（OR=10.273，95%CI：5.485，19.241，P<0.001）、家族过敏史（OR=4.221，95%CI：2.147，8.298，P<0.001）。结论：深圳市福田区0～14岁儿童哮喘患病率为2.36%，与10年前该地区儿童哮喘患病率2.39%比较无明显增加。男性哮喘患病率高于女性。个人药物过敏史、食物过敏史、过敏性鼻炎及家族过敏史是该地区儿童哮喘发病的独立危险因素。

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence rate and risk factors for asthma in children from the Futian District of Shenzhen, China who were aged from 0-14 years between 2010 and 2011, and to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and treatment of childhood asthma. METHODS: A multistage stratified cluster sampling survey of 7168 children aged 0-14 years from the Futian District of Shenzhen was conducted using the Third National Childhood Asthma Epidemiological Questionnaire 2010, to investigate the prevalence rate of childhood asthma. A case-control study (1∶1) and logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the risk factors for childhood asthma. RESULTS: Of the 7168 children surveyed, 169 were diagnosed with asthma, with a total prevalence rate of 2.36%. The prevalence rate was higher in males than in females (3.06% vs 1.55%, P<0.01). Of the 169 cases, 115 (68.1%) had their first asthma attack before the age of 3 years, 95 (56.2%) had moderate attacks, 159 (94.1%) had sudden attacks, 86 (50.9%) suffered from asthma during periods of seasonal change, 97 (57.4%) had attacks before going to bed, 157 (92.9%) suffered from asthma caused by respiratory infection, and 159 (94.1%) had sneezing as the sign of oncoming attack. The case-control study (including the 169 asthma cases and 169 healthy children) and logistic regression analysis both showed that the independent risk factors for asthma in children were a personal history of drug allergy (OR=3.645, 95%CI: 1.316, 10.094, P=0.013), a history of food allergy (OR=4.720, 95%CI: 1.987, 11.212, P<0.001), allergic rhinitis (OR=10.273, 95%CI: 5.485, 19.241, P<0.001), and a family history of allergy (OR=4.221, 95%CI: 2.147, 8.298, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence rate of asthma was 2.36% in children aged 0-14 years in the Futian District of Shenzhen between 2010 and 2011. The prevalence rate had not increased when compared with the rate in this region 10 years earlier (2.39%). The prevalence rate of childhood asthma is higher in males than in females. Personal history of drug allergy, food allergy, allergic rhinitis and a family history of allergy are the independent risk factors for childhood asthma in this region.