82例新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎预后危险因素分析

Risk factors for prognosis of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis：an analysis of 82 cases

摘要:

目的 探讨影响新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎（NEC）预后的相关危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2008年1月至2012年10月确诊为NEC的82例患儿的临床资料，对可能影响NEC患儿预后的相关因素进行多因素logistic回归分析。结果 82例NEC患儿的治愈率随患儿病情加重而逐渐降低（均P<0.05）；早产儿于生后3周及以上发生NEC的比率高于足月儿（P=0.004）。单因素分析显示NEC患儿的预后与败血症、先天性心脏病、硬肿症、腹膜炎、代谢性酸中毒、低钠血症、白细胞异常、血小板减少、C反应蛋白升高及腹部X片严重异常等因素有关（均P<0.05）；进一步logistic回归分析显示先天性心脏病、硬肿症及代谢性酸中毒是影响NEC临床结局的主要危险因素（均P<0.05）。结论 NEC的发病时间与新生儿胎龄有关；多种因素会影响到NEC患儿的预后，对同时合并先天性心脏病、硬肿症及代谢性酸中毒的患儿需特别注意，及早干预以减少死亡。

Abstract:

Objective To study the risk factors for prognosis of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 82 neonates with NEC confirmed between January 2008 and October 2012. The possible prognostic factors in NEC were investigated by logistic regression analysis. Results In the 82 cases of NEC, the cure rate decreased with the aggravation of condition (P<0.05). The preterm infants had a significantly higher incidence of NEC than the full-term infants at three or more weeks after birth (P=0.004). The univariate analysis showed that the prognosis of NEC was related to the factors such as sepsis, congenital heart disease, scleredema, peritonitis, metabolic acidosis, hyponatremia, leukocyte disorder, thrombocytopenia, elevated C-reactive protein, and severe abdominal X-ray abnormalities (P<0.05), and the further logistic regression analysis revealed that congenital heart disease, scleredema, and metabolic acidosis were main risk factors for the clinical outcome of NEC (P<0.05). Conclusions The onset time of NEC is correlated with gestational age in neonates. There are multiple prognostic factors in NEC; special attention should be paid to the patients with congenital heart disease, scleredema, and metabolic acidosis so that early intervention is performed to reduce mortality.