儿童意外伤害924例分析

Unintentional injuries in children: an analysis of 924 cases

摘要:

目的：分析儿童意外伤害的原因，探讨其预防措施，为降低儿童意外伤害的发生提供参考。方法：回顾性分析 2008年 1 月至2010年 12 月中山市博爱医院924 例儿童意外伤害住院病例的临床资料。结果：在924病例中，跌落/坠落伤居儿童意外伤害的首位（26.4%），其他依次为烧烫伤（15.7%）、异物（14.0%）、道路交通伤（13.1%）。意外伤害主要集中在0~3岁儿童（67%）。不同季节儿童意外伤害的发生也有差别，其中7~9月的发生比例最高，尤以烧烫伤为著（P<0.05）。家庭是意外伤害最易发生的场所，发生比例占36.9%；外地户籍儿童发生交通伤害比例较本地户籍儿童高（P<0.001）。父母未受教育或初中文化程度以下者意外伤害发生比例最高（45.5%）；农村意外伤害发生比例较城市高（P<0.05）。结论：跌落/坠落伤是儿童意外伤害的首位原因；婴幼儿是意外伤害发生的主要人群；家庭是意外伤害发生最高的场所。外地户籍儿童交通伤害发生比例较本地户籍儿童高；儿童意外伤害的发生与父母受教育程度有关。要降低儿童期意外伤害的发生应以预防为主，根据儿童年龄、性别特点以及家庭背景，着重于加强安全教育。

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the causes of unintentional injuries in children and to provide reference for reducing the incidence of unintentional injuries in children. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 924 children with unintentional injuries who were hospitalized in Zhongshan Boai Hospital from January 2008 to December 2010. RESULTS: Of the 924 cases, 26.4% suffered falls, which was the most common cause of injuries, 15.7% suffered burns and scalds, 14.0% were injured by foreign bodies, and 13.1% were injured in traffic accidents. Unintentional injuries occurred mainly among children aged 0-3 years (67%). The proportion of cases in summer (July to September) was significantly higher than in any other season (P<0.05), and burns were the common causes of injuries in summer. Home was the most common place where unintentional injuries occurred (36.9%). The incidence of traffic accidents was significantly higher in non-local children than in local children (P<0.001). As for the parents′ educational levels, the children whose parents had an education level below junior middle school accounted for the highest proportion of all cases of unintentional injury (45.5%). Injuried cases in rural areas accounted for a significantly higher percentage than in urban areas (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Falls are the principal cause of unintentional injuries in children. Young children (0-3 years) are most vulnerable to unintentional injuries. Unintentional injuries mostly occur at home. The incidence of traffic accidents is higher in non-local children than in local children. Parents′ education levels are associated with the incidence of unintentional injuries. In order to reduce the incidence of unintentional injuries in children, preventive measures must be carried out, and safety education should be enhanced in consideration of children′s age, sex and family background.