Asperger综合征患儿临床特征及共患病分析

Clinical features and comorbidities of Asperger syndrome in children

摘要:

目的 探索与归纳Asperger 综合征(AS)患儿的症状表现及其常见共患疾病的临床特征,为提高对AS的认识与诊断水平提供理论依据。方法 采用详细询问病史、体格检查、行为观察、精神检查、问卷调查及韦氏智力测评量表等方法,归纳并分析95例AS患儿的主诉、症状、围生期及家庭情况、家族遗传史和常见共患疾病等临床资料。结果 AS患儿多见于男性,常以多动、注意力不集中、不合群为首诊主诉,主要临床症状分别为人际交往障碍(95%)、兴趣狭窄(82%)、重复刻板行为(77%)、语意理解缺陷(74%)和不听指令(68%),多数患儿言语智商高于操作智商。AS患儿常共患其它神经精神疾病,包括注意缺陷多动障碍(39%)、情绪障碍(18%)和精神分裂症(2%);共患情绪障碍多见于13~16岁年龄段患儿,共患注意缺陷多动障碍多见于7~16岁年龄段患儿。61%患儿的父亲和43%患儿的母亲性格内向,且19%的患儿有精神疾病家族史。结论 AS临床表现有其独特性,提高对AS及其共患病的认识非常重要,有助于早期识别和诊断AS,减少漏诊和误诊并及早干预。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate and summarize the clinical features and comorbidities of Asperger syndrome (AS) in children and to provide a theoretical basis for improving the understanding and diagnosis of AS. Methods Inquiry of medical history, physical examination, behavioral observation, psychiatric examination, questionnaire survey, and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale were used to summarize and analyse the clinical data of 95 children with AS, including chief complaint, symptoms, perinatal and familial conditions, family genetic history, and common comorbidities. Results AS was more common in male children, with hyperactivity, inattention, and social withdrawal as frequent chief complaints. The main clinical manifestations included poor communication skills (95%), restricted interest (82%), repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior (77%), semantic comprehension deficit (74%), and indiscipline (68%). Verbal IQ was higher than performance IQ in most patients. The comorbidities of AS included attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (39%), emotional disorder (18%), and schizophrenia (2%); emotional disorder was more common in patients aged 13-16 years, while ADHD was more common in patients aged 7-16 years. Among these patients, 61% had fathers with introverted personality, 43% had mothers with introverted personality, and 19% had a family history of mental illness. Conclusions AS has specific clinical manifestations. It is essential to know more about the clinical features and comorbidities of AS, which is helpful for early identification and diagnosis of AS.