影响儿童哮喘尘螨特异性免疫疗效的因素分析

Impact factors for efficacy of specific immunotherapy in children with dust mite allergic asthma

摘要:

目的：探讨影响尘螨过敏性哮喘患儿特异性免疫治疗（SIT）疗效的因素。方法：监测99例哮喘患儿接受标准化屋尘螨SIT半年（S1期）、1年（S2期）、1年半（S3期）、2年（S4期）以后的哮喘控制水平,分析患儿初诊年龄、哮喘病程、哮喘程度分级、初始血清特异性（sIgE）浓度、是否合并过敏性鼻炎或异位性皮炎、是否合并吸入糖皮质激素治疗及疗程中出现局部和全身副作用情况对哮喘控制水平的影响。 结果：随着SIT疗程的进行，临床控制病例显著增加，未控制病例则明显减少（P<0.01）；患儿初诊年龄在S1和S3期，以及合并过敏性鼻炎或异位皮炎在S1期均显著影响了哮喘的控制水平（均P<0.01）；SIT治疗各期临床控制组的初始血清sIgE浓度均显著高于临床未控制组（均P<0.05）；S1和S2期初始哮喘程度分级较高的患儿较初始哮喘程度分级较低的患儿达到临床控制的比例显著增高（均P<0.05）。结论：SIT的长期疗效可能与疗程长短及总剂量呈正相关；治疗前初始血清sIgE浓度高的患儿较浓度低的患儿可能更早达到临床控制。

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE: To investigate impact factors for the efficacy of specific immunotherapy (SIT) in children with dust mite allergic asthma. METHODS: Ninety-nine children with house dust mite allergic asthma received standardized SIT, and the level of asthma control was evaluated after 6 months (S1 stage), 12 months (S2 stage), 18 months (S3 stage), and 24 months (S4 stage) of treatment. The age of first visit, course of asthma, level of asthma severity, initial serum specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) level, combination with allergic rhinitis or atopic dermatitis, use of inhaled corticosteroids, and local or systemic side effects during treatment were recorded, and their impacts on the level of asthma control were analyzed. RESULTS: As the SIT proceeded, the number of clinically controlled cases increased significantly (P<0.01). The level of asthma control was significantly affected by the age of patients at first visit in S1 and S3 stages, and combination with allergic rhinitis or atopic dermatitis in S1 stage (P<0.05). In all stages of SIT, the controlled cases had significantly higher initial serum sIgE levels than the uncontrolled cases (P<0.05). In S1 and S2 stages, there was a significantly higher proportion of controlled cases among children with a high level of asthma severity than among those with a low level of asthma severity (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There is a positive correlation between long-term efficacy of SIT and the course or the total dose of treatment. Patients with higher initial serum sIgE levels achieve clinical control earlier than those with lower initial serum sIgE levels during SIT.