长沙市学龄儿童睡眠不足对智力结构的影响

Effects of sleep deprivation on the intelligence structure of school-age children in Changsha, China

摘要:

目的：探讨小学生睡眠不足对智力发育的影响，为有效干预提供科学理论依据。方法：2009 年 6 月至 2010 年 4 月，在长沙市4 个行政区分层随机抽取4所小学10~11岁5年级小学生316名进行调研，了解其不同程度的睡眠不足在中国韦氏儿童智力量表测验上反映的智力结构特点。结果：收回有效问卷286份，应答率90.5%，其中睡眠时间正常（夜间睡眠时间≥8 h，对照组）106人，睡眠不足180人（夜间睡眠时间<8 h，睡眠不足组）。睡眠不足组各项分测验、言语智商、操作智商和总智商得分均显著低于对照组（P<0.05），语言理解因子和记忆/注意因子得分亦显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。与对照组比较，中度睡眠不足亚组语言智商、总智商及语言理解因子、记忆/注意因子得分降低（P<0.05）；重度睡眠不足亚组各项得分均降低（P<0.05）。睡眠不足组及中度和重度睡眠不足亚组儿童中智力不平衡者的比例显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：睡眠不足对小学生智力发育有不良影响，尤其是对言语智商发育的影响较大，主要发生于中、重度睡眠不足的小学生。

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of sleep deprivation on intelligence development in primary school students. METHODS: Between June 2009 and April 2010, 316 grade 5 students aged 10-11 years were selected from four primary schools in four administrative districts of Changsha, China by stratified random sampling. The intelligence characteristics of children with varying degrees of sleep deprivation were investigated using the Chinese Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. RESULTS: A total of 286 valid questionnaires were received, with a response rate of 90.5%. The survey was comprised of a sleep deprivation group (sleep time <8 hours per night; n=180) and a control group (sleep time ≥8 hours per night; n=106). The sleep deprivation group had significantly lower subtest scores, verbal intelligence quotient (IQ) (VIQ), performance IQ (PIQ) and full scale IQ (P<0.05) and significantly lower verbal comprehension factor score and memory/attention factor score compared with the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the moderate sleep deprivation subgroup had significantly decreased VIQ and full scale IQ as well as verbal comprehension factor score and memory/attention factor score (P<0.05), and the severe sleep deprivation subgroup showed decreases in all scores (P<0.05). The sleep deprivation group and moderate and severe sleep deprivation subgroups had significantly higher proportions of children with VIQ-PIQ imbalance than the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep deprivation adversely affects intelligence development, especially VIQ, in primary school students, and the adverse effects of sleep deprivation are mainly seen in students with moderate and severe sleep deprivation.