合肥市儿童哮喘流行病学调查

Epidemiological survey of childhood asthma in Hefei City, China

摘要:

目的：调查合肥市儿童哮喘累计患病率、分布特征、好发季节、诱发因素及治疗现状。方法：采用随机分层整群抽样的方法，集中访问与分散家访相结合的方式，填写初筛调查表，对初筛阳性的儿童依据哮喘的诊断标准进行诊断与排除诊断。统计分析哮喘累计患病率、治疗现状、诱发因素及不同性别、不同年龄段儿童哮喘分布特征。结果：儿童哮喘累计患病率为5.92%，男童累计患病率为6.33%，女童累计患病率为5.42%，男女差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。3～6岁儿童患病率为8.25%，是儿童哮喘发病的高峰年龄。哮喘急性发作在换季时较多，占42.0%。午夜时易发作，占34.4%。确诊的552名哮喘儿童中，533例诱因为呼吸道感染（96.6%），312例诱因为天气变化（56.5%）。使用抗生素治疗的患儿比例最高，为92.9%（513/552），其次为使用全身激素治疗，占89.1%（492/552)。结论：合肥市儿童哮喘累计患病率为5.92%，3～6岁为发病高峰。哮喘急性发作多在换季时、午夜时。呼吸道感染及天气变化是儿童哮喘的主要发病诱因。哮喘目前的治疗现状仍广泛使用抗生素和全身激素。

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the cumulative prevalence rate, distribution characteristics, epidemic seasons, predisposing factors and current treatment situation of childhood asthma in Hefei City, China. METHODS: In the investigation, stratified cluster random sampling as well as centralized access and separate home visits were applied, and primary screening forms were filled out. Further confirmation was sought in the primary positive cases, according to the diagnostic criteria for asthma. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the cumulative prevalence rate, current treatment situation and predisposing factors for childhood asthma as well as the distribution characteristics of asthma in children of different ages and sexes. RESULTS: The cumulative prevalence rate of childhood asthma was 5.92%, and there was no significant difference between males and females (6.33% vs 5.42%; P>0.05). The cumulative prevalence rate was highest (8.25%) in children aged 3-6 years. Of the children with acute asthma attack, 42.0% suffered attacks during periods of seasonal transition, and 34.4% suffered attacks at midnight. Among the 552 children with a confirmed diagnosis of asthma, 533 (96.6%) developed asthma due to respiratory tract infection and 312 (56.5%) due to weather change. Most asthmatic children (513/552, 92.9%) received treatment with antibiotics, and 492 asthmatic children (89.1%) were treated with systemic hormones. CONCLUSIONS: The cumulative prevalence rate of childhood asthma is 5.92% in Hefei, and the peak age of onset is 3-6 years. Acute asthma attack occurs mostly during periods of seasonal transition and at midnight. Respiratory tract infection and weather change are the main predisposing factors for childhood asthma. Antibiotics and systemic hormones are still widely used in the treatment of asthma.