新生儿重症监护室患儿院内感染病原菌分布及院内感染的危险因素分析

Pathogen distribution and risk factors of nosocomial infections in neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit

摘要:

目的：了解新生儿重症监护室(NICU)患儿院内感染病原菌分布及院内感染的危险因素。方法：回顾性分析NICU 145例发生院内感染患儿的临床资料。结果：145例院内感染患儿中，肺炎克雷伯杆菌感染41例（28.3%)，大肠埃希菌感染39例（26.9%），表皮葡萄球菌感染10例（6.9%），其他病原感染55例（37.9%）。Logistic回归分析显示胎龄≤ 32周、出生体重<1500 g、住院时间、机械通气和肠外营养是肺炎克雷伯杆菌所致院内感染的主要危险因素（OR值分别为5.57、6.95、1.23、14.12、3.01）；这5个因素也是大肠埃希菌所致院内感染的主要危险因素（OR值分别为3.42、6.73、9.96、0.55、2.13）。肺炎克雷伯杆菌和大肠埃希菌对β-内酰胺类抗生素有较高的耐药率，而对左氧氟沙星、美洛培南则比较敏感。结论：肺炎克雷伯杆菌、大肠埃希菌及表皮葡萄球菌是NICU患儿院内感染的主要病原菌，它们对β-内酰胺类抗生素耐药率高。机械通气和住院时间分别是院内肺炎克雷伯杆菌和大肠埃希菌感染影响最大的危险因素。

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE: To study the pathogen distribution and risk factors of nosocomial infections in neonates in the neonatal intensive care units (NICU). METHODS: The clinical data of 145 neonates with nosocomial infection in the NICU were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Of the 145 neonates, 41 (28.3%) were infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae, 39 (26.9%) with Escherichia coli, 10 (6.9%) with Staphylococcus epidermidis, and 55 (37.9%) with other pathogens. Logistic regression analysis showed that a gestational age of ≤32 weeks (OR=5.57), birth weigh of <1500 g (OR=6.95), hospitalization time (OR=1.23), mechanical ventilation (OR=14.12) and parenteral nutrition (OR=3.01) were major risk factors for nosocomial infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. The five factors were also main risk factors for nosocomial infection caused by Escherichia coli, with the OR of 3.42, 6.73, 9.96, 0.55 and 2.13 respectively. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli were highly resistant to β-lactam antibiotics but were relatively sensitive to levofloxacin and meropenem. CONCLUSIONS: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis are major pathogens of nosocomial infections in neonates in the NICU and they are resistant to β-lactam antibiotics. Mechanical ventilation and hospitalization time are the most important risk factors for nosocomial infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli respectively.