出院后喂养方式对早产低出生体重儿生后3个月生长指标增长率的影响

Effects of feeding patterns after hospital discharge on increase rates of growth indices in preterm and low-birth-weight infants within 3 months after birth

摘要:

目的：通过研究早产儿出院后配方奶（PDF）与母乳（BM）、足月儿配方奶（TF）等不同喂养方式对早产低出生体重儿（LBWI）出院至生后3个月时的体重、身长、头围等生长指标增长率的影响，为早产LBWI出院后喂养方式的选择提供参考。方法：广东省广州市、佛山市10家医院新生儿科出院的407例早产LBWI按照出院后喂养方式的不同，分为PDF组（n=258）、BM组（n=58）、TF组（n=91），观察各组在生后3个月时的体重、身长、头围等生长指标值，并计算和比较各生长指标较出生时的增长率。结果：PDF组在生后3个月时的体重、身长和头围分别大于BM组和TF组（P＜0.05）；体重和身长增长率分别大于BM组和TF组（P＜0.05）。结论：出院后予PDF喂养能使早产LBWI在生后3个月时的体重、身长增长率较BM、TF喂养者更大，从而具有较大的体重、身长值，但远期效果有待进一步研究。

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of post-discharge formula (PDF) for preterm infants, breast milk (BM) and term infant formula (TF) on increase rates of body weight, length and head circumference in preterm and low-birth-weight infants (PLBWIs) from discharge to 3 months after birth, and to provide a reference for the choice of feeding pattern for PLBWIs. METHODS: A total of 407 PLBWIs discharged from the newborn departments of ten hospitals in Guangzhou City and Foshan City in Guangdong Province, China were chosen for this study. According to feeding pattern, they were assigned to three groups: PDF-fed (n=258), BM-fed (n=58) and TF-fed (n=91). Their body weight, length and head circumference were measured at 3 months after birth, and the increase rates of growth indices relative to baseline values (at birth) were calculated and compared. RESULTS: At 3 months after birth, the PDF-fed group had significantly greater body weight, length and head circumference than the BM-fed and TF-fed groups （P<0.05). The increase rates of body weight and length were significantly higher in the PDF-fed group than in the BM-fed and TF-fed groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with those fed with BM and TF after discharge, the PDF-fed PLBWIs have higher increase rates of body weight and length and show greater body weight and length at 3 months after birth. However, further study is needed to investigate the long-term effects.