环境有害因素与儿童肾损害

Hazardous environmental factors causing renal damage in children

摘要:

环境有害因素通过多途径侵入人体，其中以食入、吸入、皮肤和黏膜接触吸收为主。它的来源多样化，其中土壤、水源、空气、建筑装修材料、食品、日用品为其主要载体。按照其理化特性及形态特性分为金属类、无机物、有机物、放射性物质、生物毒素、病毒、细菌、支原体、衣原体和寄生虫。发病机制主要通过血液和尿液作用于肾组织，同时有肾易感性。本文提示儿科医师应该充分认清环境有害因素致肾损害的特性和严峻性，重视防治工作，才能最大程度减少儿童肾损害。

Abstract:

Hazardous environmental factors invade the body through multiple routes, including ingestion, inhalation and absorption by contact with the skin and mucous membrane. They are from various sources and soil, water, air, building and decorative materials, foods and daily necessities are the main carriers. According to their physical and chemical properties and morphological characteristics, these hazardous factors are classified as metals, inorganic matter, organic matter, radioactive substances, biological toxins, viruses, bacteria, mycoplasmas, chlamydiae and parasites. They cause diseases through blood and urine and also have kidney susceptibility. This article suggests that pediatricians should fully understand the characteristics and seriousness of hazardous environmental factors that cause renal damage, and pay attention to the prevention and control of these factors so as to minimize renal damage in children.