湖南醴陵农村儿童意外伤害的危险因素调查

Risk factors for unintentional injury among children in rural areas of Liling, Hunan Province, China

摘要:

目的 调查湖南醴陵农村儿童意外伤害发生的危险因素，为农村儿童意外伤害的预防和干预措施的制定提供依据。方法 采取分层抽样和整群抽样的方法，于2013年10月在湖南醴陵市东部和西部农村地区抽取4所中学和2所小学各年级全体学生3 257人（年龄5~16岁）作为调查对象，采用自制的问卷调查表调查儿童一般情况、家庭情况、居住地周围环境及意外伤害发生情况。采用非条件多因素logistic 回归分析儿童意外伤害发生的危险因素。结果 3 257名学生中，过去1年中发生意外伤害356人（10.93%）。单因素分析发现，儿童性别、是否留守、网吧上网频率、监护人是否父母亲、监护人年龄、父母相处和谐程度、父亲是否外出打工、母亲是否外出打工、家里是否储存烟花爆竹、居住地周围是否常有打架斗殴及自己是否参与打架斗殴等11个因素是儿童意外伤害发生的影响因素。非条件多因素logistic 回归分析显示男性（OR=0.751，P=0.013）、留守儿童（OR=1.779，P<0.001）、家里储存烟花爆竹（OR=1.337，P=0.028）、居住地周围常有打架斗殴（OR=1.517，P<0.001）4个因素为儿童意外伤害发生的主要危险因素。结论 影响湖南醴陵农村儿童意外伤害的发生是多因素的，其中男孩、留守儿童、家里储存烟花爆竹及居住地周围常有打架斗殴者是意外伤害发生的高危人群，应重点关注。

Abstract:

Objective To evaluate the risk factors for unintentional injury among children in the rural areas of Liling, Hunan Province, China, as a basis for developing prevention and intervention measures for unintentional injury in rural children. Methods A total of 3 257 students, aged between 5 and 16 years from 4 middle schools and 2 primary schools in eastern and western rural areas of Liling were recruited in October 2013 by stratified sampling and cluster sampling. The general personal information and data on family backgrounds, living environment, and incidence of unintentional injury were collected from all subjects through a self-designed questionnaire. The risk factors for childhood unintentional injury were assessed by an unconditional multiple logistic regression analysis. Results Out of the 3 257 subjects, 356 (10.93%) were injured during the 12-month period prior to the study. The univariate analysis showed that unintentional injury in these subjects was related to sex, left-behind status, times of internet surfing in internet bars per week, parent companion or not, age of guardian, degree of harmony of parents’ marital relationship, employment status of one or both parents as a migrant worker, storage of fireworks and firecrackers at home or not, violence in residential areas, and participation or not in violence in residential areas. The unconditional multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the major risk factors for unintentional injury in these subjects were male gender (OR=0.751, P=0.013), left-behind status (OR=1.779, P<0.001), storage of fireworks and firecrackers at home (OR=1.337, P=0.028) and violence around residential areas (OR=1.517, P<0.001). Conclusions Risk for unintentional injury is multifactorial among children in the rural areas of Liling, Hunan. To reduce the incidence of unintentional injury in children in Liling, particular attention should be paid to boys, left-behind children, children who have home storage of fireworks and firecrackers and children who are living in areas with frequent violence.