母乳库的医学应用

Medical application of breast milk banks

摘要:

国外母乳库的发展已100 余年，曾于上世纪80 年代受艾滋病的影响导致大部分母乳库倒闭。随着对母乳成分及其优越性的重新认识，母乳库再次在全球迅速发展，并先后成立了北美母乳库协会以及欧洲母乳库协会，建立和修订了越来越完善的母乳库标准与指南。捐赠母乳对早产儿的临床疗效已不容质疑，欧洲儿科肝病、消化道疾病与营养学会明确指出：早产儿在无法获得生母母乳时，应推荐使用捐赠母乳。我国母乳库建立于2013 年，其临床意义和社会意义尚在进一步探讨之中。

Abstract:

The history of breast milk banks is over 100 years. Most of the milk banks were closed because of HIV in the 80's. But more and more milk banks are re-opening and new ones are being established as the composition and superiority of breast milk are recognized again. The Human Milk Banking Association of North America and European Milk Bank Association have been set up and they have established and revised the standards and guidelines of breast milk banks. There is no doubt of the clinical effects of donor human milk on preterm infants worldwide. The Committee on Nutrition of the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition recommended that the preterm infants should use donor human milk when their own mothers' milk is not enough. The first breast milk bank was set up in China in 2013, and its clinical and social significance is worthy of further study.