不同剂量A型肉毒毒素注射治疗脑性瘫痪尖足的疗效对比研究

Therapeutic effects of different doses of botulinum toxin A injection on tiptoe deformation in children with cerebral palsy

摘要:

目的 研究不同剂量A 型肉毒毒素（BTX-A）腓肠肌注射对脑性瘫痪尖足的疗效。方法 痉挛型脑性瘫痪所致尖足患儿256 例按肌张力不同分为A、B 两组：A 组（肌张力1~2 级）147 例，随机分为BTX-A大剂量注射（A1 组，73 例） 和小剂量注射亚组（A2 组，74 例）；B 组（肌张力3~4 级）109 例，随机分为BTX-A 大剂量注射（B1 组，55 例）和小剂量注射亚组（B2 组，54 例）。A1、B1 组给予BTX-A 6 U/kg，A2、B2 组给予BTX-A 3 U/kg。注射前及注射后1、3、6、12 个月进行改良的 Ashworth 痉挛评定量表评定腓肠肌的肌张力及粗大运动评定量表（GMFM）评定下肢运动功能。结果 A1 和A2 组治疗前和治疗后Ashworth 分级和GMFM 评分的差异均无统计学意义。B 组大剂量注射BTX-A 可有效降低肌张力，改善下肢运功功能，与小剂量比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。A、B 两组患儿治疗后Ashworth 分级逐渐下降，治疗后3 个月时最低，之后逐渐恢复，治疗后12 个月分级恢复至治疗前水平；而两组治疗后GMFM 评分逐渐提高，治疗后12 个月评分最高，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 脑性瘫痪尖足的患儿在进行BTX-A 注射时应根据肌张力的严重程度选择不同剂量。对于病情相对较重的患儿，采用大剂量注射则可更大程度地降低肌张力，改善运动功能。

Abstract:

Objective To study the therapeutic effects of different doses of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injection on tiptoe deformation in children with cerebral palsy. Methods A total of 256 children with tiptoe deformation due to spastic cerebral palsy were classified into group A (muscle tension levels I-II, n=147) and group B (muscle tension levels III-IV, n=109). Group A was randomly divided into group A1 (injected with high-dose BTX-A, n=73) and group A2 (injected with low-dose BTX-A, n=74). Group B was randomly divided into group B1 (injected with high-dose BTX-A, n=55) and group B2 (injected with low-dose BTX-A, n=54). The dose of BTX-A was 6 U/kg for groups A1 and B1 and was 3 U/kg for groups A2 and B2. Before the injection and at 1,2,6, and 12 months after injection, the muscle tension of limbs was evaluated with the modified Ashworth Scale, and the recovery of motor function of lower limbs was assessed with the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM). Results Before and after treatment, there were no significant differences in Ashworth and GMFM scores between groups A1 and A2 (P>0.05). After treatment, group B1 had a significantly reduced Ashworth score and a significantly increased GMFM score, and group B1 had a significantly lower Ashworth score and a significantly higher GMFM score compared with group B2 (P<0.05). For groups A and B, Ashworth score gradually declined post-treatment, reached the lowest point at 3 months after treatment, and returned to the level before treatment at 12 months after treatment; GMFM score gradually increased post-treatment and reached the peak level at 12 months after treatment (P<0.05). Conclusions The level of muscle tension should be considered when BTX-A injection is used for treating tiptoe deformation in children with cerebral palsy. It makes no difference to use high-or low-dose BTX-A when the muscle tension level is within I-II, but high-dose BTX-A has a better performance in reducing muscle tension and improving motor function when the muscle tension level is within III-IV.