中山地区乡镇和城区3~14岁儿童喘息和慢性咳嗽问卷调查分析

Incidence of wheezing and chronic cough in children aged 3-14 years in rural and urban areas of Zhongshan, China：a questionnaire survey

摘要:

目的 探讨中山地区不同生活环境3~14 岁儿童喘息和慢性咳嗽情况的发生特点。方法 按照2010 年全国0~14 岁儿童哮喘流行病学调查统一方案，以问卷调查的方式，对中山市城区和乡镇3~14 岁儿童为研究对象进行问卷调查。结果 共15 763 名儿童纳入研究，其中城区8 248 名，乡镇7 515 名；男童8 306 名，女童7 457 名。城区儿童既往喘息发生率高于乡镇儿童（6.6% vs 3.2%，P<0.05），城区和乡镇男童均高于女童（P<0.05）。城区儿童最近1 年喘息发生率高于乡镇儿童（2.8% vs 1.5%，P<0.05），城区和乡镇男童均高于女童（P<0.05）。城区儿童曾有咳嗽持续1 个月的发生率高于乡镇儿童（7.9%% vs 3.1%，P<0.05）。上述3 个症状的发生率均以6 岁以前发生率较高，各年龄组间的比较，除城区和乡镇女童最近1 年喘息发生率的比较差异无统计学意义外，其余均有统计学意义。结论 中山地区3~14 岁儿童喘息和慢性咳嗽的发生具有年龄、性别和居住区域的差异，表现为6 岁以前发生率较高，城区高于乡镇，男童高于女童。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the incidence of wheezing and chronic cough in children aged 3-14 years in different living areas of Zhongshan, China. Methods According to the unified program of the 2010 national epidemiological survey of asthmatic children aged 0-14 years, a questionnaire survey of the children aged 3-14 years in rural and urban areas of Zhongshan was conducted. Results A total of 15 763 children were included in the survey. Among all participants, 8 248 were from the urban area, and 7 515 from the rual area; 8 306 were boys, and 7 457 were girls. The percentage of children with a history of wheezing was significantly higher in the urban group than in the rural group (6.6% vs 3.2%; P<0.05), and it was significantly higher in boys than in girls for each group (P<0.05). The urban group had a significantly higher percentage of individuals who had wheezing in the past one year than the rural group (2.8% vs 1.5%; P<0.05), and this percentage was significantly higher in boys than in girls for each group (P<0.05). Compared with the rural group, the urban group had a significantly higher percentage of individuals who had chronic cough (duration 1 year) (7.9% vs 3.1%; P<0.05). The above indices were relatively high in children under 6 years of age, and all but the percentage of girls who had wheezing in the past one year in both rural and urban areas showed significant differences between all age groups. Conclusions The incidence of wheezing and chronic cough varies with age, sex, and living area for children aged 3-14 years in Zhongshan, and it is relatively high under 6 years of age, in the urban area, and among boys.