儿童社区获得性肺炎1 613例病原学特点分析

Pathogen detection of 1 613 cases of hospitalized children with community acquired pneumonia

摘要:

目的 了解重庆地区儿童社区获得性肺炎(CAP)患儿病原分布及特点。方法 选取2014年1~12月住院治疗的1 613例CAP患儿为研究对象,采集患儿的鼻咽抽吸物进行细菌培养、呼吸道7种病毒及肺炎支原体检测,并对其特点进行分析。结果 1 613例患儿中,有810例细菌检出阳性,阳性率为50.22%,其中检出副流感嗜血杆菌346株(40.8%),肺炎链球菌252株(29.7%),卡他莫拉菌62株(7.3%);病毒阳性者559例,阳性率为34.66%,其中检出呼吸道合胞病毒342株(58.3%),副流感病毒3 102株(17.4%),腺病毒84株(14.3%);MP阳性者481例,阳性率为29.82%;病原体混合感染检出519例(32.18%),以细菌、病毒混合检出为主(47.4%)。结论 副流感嗜血杆菌为重庆地区CAP住院患儿感染的首位细菌病原,RSV为首位病毒病原,支原体感染亦较为普遍,混合感染以细菌、病毒混合感染为主。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the distribution of pathogens of children with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) from the Chongqing area. Methods Nasopharyngeal specimens and blood specimens of 1 613 children with CAP were collected between January 2014 and December 2014 for bacterial culture and detection of 7 respiratory viruses and antibodies against Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP). Results The overall positive rate of bacteria was 50.22% (810 cases). Hemophilus parainfluenzae (40.8%), Streptococcus pneumonia (29.7%) and Moraxelle catarrhalis (7.3%) were the predominant ones. Among the viruses, the top detected virus was respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, 58.3%), followed by parainfluenza virus type3 (17.4%) and adenovirus (14.3%). A total of 481 cases (29.82%) were MP-positive. The co-infection rate was 32.18% (519 cases), and the mixed infections of bacteria and viruses were common (47.4%). Conclusions RSV and Hemophilus parainfluenzae are the major pathogens of CAP in children from the Chongqing area. MP is also an important pathogen. The co-infection of bacteria and viruses is prevalent.