儿童暴发性心肌炎的临床特点及预后的影响因素

Clinical features and prognostic factors in children with fulminant myocarditis

摘要:

目的 调查儿童暴发性心肌炎的临床特点及预后的影响因素,为临床诊治及预后评估提供参考。方法 回顾性分析24例暴发性心肌炎患儿的临床资料。根据患儿预后分为存活组(n=12)和死亡组(n=12)。应用logistic回归分析筛选出影响暴发性心肌炎患儿预后的危险因素。结果 24例暴发性心肌炎患儿中,入院首发症状为消化系统症状者14例,神经系统症状12例,呼吸系统症状1例,循环系统症状2例。入院时血清肌酸激酶MB同工酶、肌钙蛋白I、脑钠肽水平均升高;左室射血分数减低22例(92%);心胸比值增大10例;Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞8例,ST段改变11例,室性心律2例。死亡组患儿左室射血分数低于存活组(P<0.05),而住院过程中血清脑钠肽最高值高于存活组(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示左室射血分数是暴发性心肌炎患儿预后的独立危险因素(OR=7.418,P<0.05)。结论 儿童暴发性心肌炎临床特点缺乏特异性。左室射血分数减低是暴发性心肌炎患儿预后不良的危险因素。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the clinical features and prognostic factors in children with fulminant myocarditis. Methods The clinical data of 24 children with fulminant myocarditis were retrospectively analyzed. According to the prognosis, these children were classified into two groups: survival (n=12) and death (n=12). The risk factors influencing prognosis in children with fulminant myocarditis were identified by logistic regression analysis. Results Among the 24 cases of fulminant myocarditis, gastrointestinal symptoms were found as initial symptoms in 14 cases, neurological symptoms in 12 cases, respiratory symptoms in 1 case, and cardiac symptoms in 2 cases. On admission, serum levels of creatine kinase MB, troponin I, and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were all increased. Besides, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) decreased in 22 cases (92%), cardiothoracic ratio increased in 10 cases, third-degree atrioventricular block was observed in 8 cases, ST-segment changes were found in 11 cases and ventricular tachycardia was identified in 2 cases. LVEF in the death group was lower than in the survival group (P<0.05), while the peak level of serum BNP during hospitalization in the death group was higher than in the survival group (P<0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that LVEF was the risk factor influencing prognosis (OR=7.418; P<0.05). Conclusions Fulminant myocarditis has no specific clinical features in children. A decreased LVEF is a risk factor for poor prognosis in children with fulminant myocarditis.