不同控制水平哮喘患儿临床特征比较

The comparison of clinical features in children with different control levels of asthma

摘要:

目的 比较不同控制水平哮喘患儿的临床特征,探讨哮喘控制不良的状态以及影响哮喘控制水平的相关因素.方法 收集2013年10月至2014年2月确诊为哮喘的患儿115例进行横断面研究,依据《儿童支气管哮喘防治指南》(2008版)和哮喘测试量表结果将患儿分为完全控制组(n=65)和未完全控制组(n=50),比较两组患儿的临床特征差异;采用哮喘相关健康生命质量量表对两组患儿生命质量进行评分;Logistic回归分析影响哮喘控制水平的相关因素.结果 两组患儿在最近3个月内呼吸道感染次数、哮喘急性发作次数以及因急性发作而计划外就诊次数比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2~<7岁哮喘达完全控制患儿生命质量得分显著低于未完全控制组,7~16岁哮喘达完全控制患儿生命质量得分显著高于未完全控制组(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析示未规律随诊(OR=7.715)和患有变应性鼻炎(OR=5.531)是哮喘控制不佳的危险因素,而伴发其他过敏性疾病(OR=0.299)可能是哮喘控制良好的保护因素(P<0.05).结论 某些临床特征的出现提示患儿哮喘可能控制不佳,需要积极干预;哮喘未完全控制时,患儿的生命质量下降;为降低哮喘控制不良水平,应降低哮喘患儿变应性鼻炎发生率并行规律随诊.

Abstract:

Objective To compare the clinical features in children with different control levels of asthma and to explore the factors influencing asthma control. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed on 115 children diagnosed with asthma between October 2013 and February 2014. All the patients were classified into two groups: fully controlled group (n=65) and non-fully controlled group (n=55), according to the Children Bronchial Asthma Prevention and Treatment Guideline (2008 version) and the asthma control test results. The differences of clinical features between the two groups were compared. The quality of life was evaluated by an asthma-related quality of life questionnaire. The main factors influencing asthma control were analyzed by the logistic regression method. Results There were significant differences in the frequencies of respiratory tract infection and acute asthma attacks within the 3 months, and unplanned hospital visits due to acute asthma attacks between the fully controlled and non-fully controlled groups (P<0.05). The scores of asthma-related quality of life in the fully controlled group were significantly lower than in the non-fully controlled group in children under 7 years old. In contrast, the scores of asthma-related quality of life in the fully controlled group were significantly higher than in the non-fully controlled group in children at the age of 7-16 years (P<0.05). The logistic regression analysis showed that the patients without experiencing regular hospital visits (OR=7.715) and with allergic rhinitis (OR=5.531) had increased risks for poor asthma control and that the patients with other allergic diseases (eg. eczema, food allergy) had decreased risks for poor asthma control (OR=0.299). Conclusions The appearance of some clinical features suggests that the asthmatic children may be in the status of poor asthma control and need an active intervention. A poor asthma control status can result in a decreased quality of life. To improve the asthma control level, the incidence of allergic rhinitis should be reduced and a regular hospital visit should be performed in the children.