2010年中山市城区0~14岁儿童哮喘流行病学调查

Epidemiological survey of asthma among children aged 0-14 years in 2010 in urban Zhongshan, China

摘要:

目的 调查2010年广东省中山市城区0~14 岁儿童哮喘患病率及治疗现状、特点及高危因素.方法 通过随机整群抽样方法,采用2010年第3次全国儿童哮喘流行病学调查问卷,对中山市区内10 336名0~14岁儿童进行调查,了解哮喘患病率、治疗现状及临床特点,并对发病的危险因素进行分析.结果 179人诊断为哮喘(1.73%),其中男童患病率高于女童(2.25% vs 1.16%,P<0.01).经常发作强度以重度最常见(104例,58.1%);发作类型以缓慢发作最多(110例,61.5%);病情趋势以逐渐减轻最常见(102例,57.0%);以换季时发作频率最高(61例,34.1%);最常见的发作诱因为呼吸道感染(83.8%);71.5%哮喘患儿使用过吸入糖皮质激素治疗,使用支气管舒张剂患儿占71.5%.多因素logistic回归分析显示,青霉素过敏史、家族过敏史、食物过敏、湿疹、过敏性鼻炎、剖宫产、家居霉斑现象以及出生前后被动吸烟等因素是儿童哮喘发生的独立危险因素.结论 中山市城区0~14 岁儿童哮喘患病率仍较高,其患病率与性别有关;哮喘的治疗较规范,但仍有待提高;其发生和发作受多种因素的影响.

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the prevalence, current treatment, and clinical characteristics of asthma, as well as the risk factors for this disease, among children aged 0-14 years in 2010 in urban Zhongshan, China. Methods A total of 10 336 children aged 0-14 years were selected from urban Zhongshan by cluster random sampling. The Third National Childhood Asthma Epidemiological Questionnaire 2010 was used to analyze the prevalence, current treatment, and clinical characteristics of childhood asthma, as well as the risk factors for this disease. Results Asthma was diagnosed in 179 cases (1.73%). The prevalence of asthma in male children was significantly higher than that in female children (2.25% vs 1.16%; P<0.01). Of the 179 patients, severe attacks were common in 104 cases (58.1%), 110 cases (61.5%) had slow onset, 102 cases (57.0%) had gradually relieved conditions, 61 cases (34.1%) suffered from asthma during seasonal transition, and 150 cases (83.8%) developed asthma due to respiratory tract infection. Among all asthmatic children, 71.5% had been treated with inhaled corticosteroids, and 71.5% had been treated with bronchodilator. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a history of penicillin allergy, a family history of allergy, food allergy, eczema, allergic rhinitis, cesarean delivery, family mould, and perinatal passive smoking were independent risk factors for childhood asthma. Conclusions The prevalence of childhood asthma in urban Zhongshan is on a high level, and is associated with gender. The treatment of asthma has been standardized, but still needs further improvement. The onset of asthma attack is influenced by various factors.