肾小球系膜区微量IgM沉积在儿童微小病变型肾病综合征中的意义

Significance of trace deposition of immunoglobulin M in glomerular mesangium in children with minimal change nephrotic syndrome

摘要:

目的 探讨肾小球系膜区微量IgM 沉积在儿童微小病变型原发性肾病综合征(PNS)中的意义。方法 以临床诊断为PNS、病理诊断为微小病变(MCD)及肾组织微量IgM 沉积的106 例患儿为研究组,无免疫复合物沉积的MCD 型PNS 患儿81 例为对照组,回顾性分析两组患儿的临床特点、微量IgM 沉积对糖皮质激素及免疫抑制剂疗效的影响。患儿均口服足量泼尼松治疗,对糖皮质激素耐药者或频复发者联用免疫抑制剂治疗。结果 研究组糖皮质激素耐药率高于对照组(27.2% vs 12.3%,P<0.05);研究组频复发率亦高于对照组(48.1%vs 10.4%,P<0.05)。研究组和对照组中糖皮质激素耐药的病例联用吗替麦考酚酯(MMF)治疗的完全缓解率分别为68%(13/19)、62%(8/13),两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组和对照组频复发病例联用MMF 治疗后复发频率均显著减少(P<0.05)。结论 MCD 型PNS 患儿肾脏的微量IgM 沉积可能是糖皮质激素耐药及频复发的重要因素;糖皮质激素耐药及频复发患儿联用MMF 治疗可能是较好的治疗方案。

Abstract:

Objective To study the significance of trace immunoglobulin M (IgM) deposits in glomerular mesangium in children with minimal change primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS). Methods One hundred and six children who were clinically diagnosed with PNS and pathologically diagnosed with minimal change disease (MCD) and trace deposition of IgM in renal tissues were enrolled as subjects. Eighty-one PNS children with MCD but no deposition of immune complexes were used as the control group. The clinical characteristics and efficacies of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants were retrospectively analyzed in the two groups. All patients were given full-dose prednisone by oral administration, and patients with glucocorticoid resistance or frequent relapses were additionally given immunosuppressants. Results The incidence of glucocorticoid resistance in the IgM deposit group was significantly higher than that in the control group (27.2% vs 12.3%; P<0.05). The incidence of frequent relapses in the IgM deposit group was also significantly higher than that in the control group (48.1% vs 10.4%; P<0.05). The complete remission rate for glucocorticoid-resistant patients treated with prednisone combined with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) was 68% and 62% respectively in the IgM deposit and control groups (P>0.05). The relapse frequency in patients with frequent relapses was significantly reduced in both groups after treatment with prednisone and MMF in combination (P<0.05). Conclusions Trace deposition of IgM in renal tissues may be an important factor for glucocorticoid resistance and frequent relapses in PNS children with MCD. Prednisone combined with MMF may be a better choice in the treatment of patients with glucocorticoid resistance or frequent relapses.