规范或间断吸入糖皮质激素对哮喘患儿疗效及生长发育的影响

Efficacy of regular or intermittent inhalation of corticosteroids in treatment of asthma and its effects on growth and development in children

摘要:

目的 探讨规范或间断吸入沙美特罗替卡松对儿童支气管哮喘疗效及对患儿生长发育的影响。方法 将2012 年9 月至2013 年10 月诊断为儿童支气管哮喘的112 例患儿分为规范化治疗组(规范组,n=56)和未规范化治疗组(间断组,n=56),分别于治疗前、治疗后6 个月及1 年时比较两组临床症状评分及肺功能主要指标,同时观察两组患儿身高增长速率及体质指数(BMI)变化情况。结果 治疗后6 个月及1 年时,规范组和间断租的临床症状评分均较治疗前明显减少;规范组肺功能指标一秒用力呼气容积百分比(PEF%)、呼气峰流速百分比(FEV1%)及间断组FEV1% 较治疗前均显著提高(P<0.05)。间断组PEF% 仅在治疗6 个月时较治疗前明显提高(P<0.05)。随访1 年时,规范组临床症状评分明显低于间断组,PEF% 和FEV1% 显著高于间断组(P<0.05)。两组患儿身高增长速率和BMI 在治疗后6 个月及1 年时差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 长期规范比间断吸入沙美特罗替卡松能更好控制患儿的临床症状,改善肺功能,提高生活质量;沙美特罗替卡松吸入治疗1 年未对患儿生长发育产生影响。

Abstract:

Objective To observe the efficacy of regular or intermittent inhalation of salmeterol/fluticasone propionate (SM/FP) in the treatment of bronchial asthma and its effects on growth and development in children. Methods A total of 112 children diagnosed with bronchial asthma between September 2012 and October 2013 were assigned to standardized treatment (standard group, n=56) and non-standardized treatment (intermittent group, n=56). Comparisons of clinical symptom scores and main pulmonary function indicators between the two groups were carried out before treatment and at 6 and 12 months after treatment. The growth velocity and changes in body mass index (BMI) were observed in the two groups. Results At 6 and 12 months after the treatment, the standard group had significantly reduced clinical symptom scores and significantly increased pulmonary function indicators (percentage of predicted peak expiratory flow, PEF%; percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1 second, FEV1%) (P<0.05); the intermittent group had significantly reduced clinical symptom scores and significantly increased FEV1% (P<0.05), but PEF% was significantly increased only at 6 months after treatment (P<0.05). At 12 months after treatment, the standard group had significantly lower clinical symptom scores and significantly higher PEF% and FEV1% when compared with the intermittent group (P<0.05). The growth velocity and BMI showed no significant differences between the two groups at 6 and 12 months after treatment (P>0.05). Conclusions Compared with intermittent inhalation, long-term regular inhalation of SM/FP performs better in controlling clinical symptoms and enhancing pulmonary function in children with asthma. Inhalation of SM/FP for one year reveals no apparent effect on the growth and development of these children.