早产儿出院时宫外发育迟缓的危险因素分析

Risk factors for extrauterine growth retardation at discharge in premature infants

摘要:

目的 探讨早产儿出院时宫外发育迟缓(EUGR)发生率及相关危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2006~2010 年入住NICU 的596 例早产儿的临床资料,根据出院时体重分为EUGR 组(n=217)与非EUGR 组(n=379),应用logistic 多因素回归分析EUGR 发生的危险因素。结果 596 例早产儿按体重、身长、头围评价,出院时EUGR 的发生率分别为36.4%(217 例)、42.0%(250 例)、22.8%(136 例)。小胎龄、低出生体重、宫内发育迟缓(IUGR)、首次肠道喂养时间晚及呼吸系统合并症是早产儿发生EUGR 的危险因素(OR分别为6.508、14.522、5.101、1.366、1.501)。结论 加强母亲围产期保健,减少早产的发生,减少IUGR 的发生,尽早进行肠道喂养,积极防治生后合并症对降低EUGR 的发生率有较大意义。

Abstract:

Objective To study the incidence and risk factors for extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) at discharge in premature infants. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 596 premature infants who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit between 2006 and 2010. These subjects were classified into EUGR (n=217) and non-EUGR groups (n=379) based on the body weight at discharge. The risk factors for the occurrence of EUGR were studied by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Based on the body weight, length, and head circumference, the incidence of EUGR at discharge was 36.4% (217 cases), 42.0% (250 cases), and 22.8% (136 cases), respectively. Low gestational age, low birth weight, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), delayed enteral feeding and complications of the respiratory system were identified as risk factors for EUGR (OR=6.508, 14.522, 5.101, 1.366, and 1.501, respectively). Conclusions The incidence of EUGR might be greatly decreased by strengthening the perinatal care, reducing the incidence of premature delivery and IUGR, undertaking early enteral feeding, and actively preventing postnatal complications.