6~12月龄婴儿缺铁性贫血的危险因素分析及对神经心理发育的影响

Risk factors for iron deficiency anemia in infants aged 6 to 12 months and its effects on neuropsychological development

摘要:

目的 探讨6~12月龄婴儿中、重度缺铁性贫血(IDA)的危险因素,并初步了解IDA对婴儿神经运动发育的影响及其气质特点。方法 326例6~12月龄IDA患儿为研究对象,按贫血程度分为轻度(176例)、中度(111例)、重度(39例)组 ,采用多因素logistic回归分析对中、重度IDA的危险因素进行调查。另选取同期年龄、性别等背景相匹配的346例非IDA儿童作为对照组。IDA和对照组两组均使用儿童Gesell婴幼儿发育量表、气质量表进行智能发育及气质的评估。结果 单因素分析显示,性别、出生体重、胎龄、多胎、母亲孕期贫血、母亲缺乏IDA相关知识与贫血程度有关(P< 0.05)。以轻度IDA组为对照,多因素logistic回归分析显示,多胎、早产、低出生体重(< 2 500 g)、母亲孕期贫血、母乳喂养、母亲缺乏IDA相关知识是重度贫血的危险因素(OR> 1,P< 0.05);早产,母乳喂养、混合喂养是中度贫血的危险因素(OR> 1,P< 0.05)。IDA组Gesell总发育商、大运动、适应行为、精细动作得分较对照组低(P< 0.05)。IDA组难养型及中间偏难养型气质的比例较高(P< 0.05)。IDA组活动水平、节律性、适应性、坚持性维度得分较对照组高(P< 0.05)。结论 早产、多胎、低出生体重、喂养方式、母亲孕期贫血及母亲缺乏IDA相关知识与6~12月龄婴儿IDA贫血程度相关。IDA患儿神经运动发育落后,消极气质类型居多,需加强对患儿心理行为问题的重视,指导家长选择恰当的喂养及教育方式。

Abstract:

Objective To study the risk factors for moderate and severe iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in infants aged 6-12 months, and to preliminarily investigate the effects of IDA on the neuromotor development and temperament characteristics of infants. Methods A total of 326 infants aged 6-12 months with IDA were classified into three groups: mild IDA (n=176), moderate IDA (n=111), and severe IDA (n=39) according to the severity of anemia. The risk factors for moderate or severe IDA were investigated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Three hundred and forty-six infants without IDA who showed matched age, sex, and other backgrounds were selected as the control group. The Gesell Development Diagnosis Scale was used to evaluate children's mental development. The Temperament Scale for infants was used for evaluating children's temperament. Results The univariate analysis showed that the severity of IDA was associated with sex, birth weight, gestational age, multiple birth, maternal anemia during pregnancy, and mother's lack of knowledge about IDA (P< 0.05). Setting the mild IDA group as control, the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that multiple birth, premature birth, low birth weight (< 2 500 g), maternal anemia during pregnancy, breast feeding, and mother's lack of knowledge about IDA were the risk factors for severe IDA (OR> 1;P< 0.05); premature birth, breast feeding, and mixed feeding were the risk factors for moderate IDA (OR> 1; P< 0.05). The IDA group had significantly lower scores in Gesell general development quotient, gross motor, adaptive behavior, and fine motor than the control group (P< 0.05). The IDA group had higher percentages of children with difficulty and intermediate difficulty temperaments than the control group (P< 0.05). The IDA group had significantly higher scores in activity level, rhythmicity, adaptability, and perseverance than the control group (P< 0.05). Conclusions The severity of IDA is associated with premature birth, multiple birth, low birth weight, feeding pattern, maternal anemia during pregnancy and mother's lack of knowledge about IDA in infants aged 6-12 months. Infants with IDA have delayed neuromotor development and most of them have negative temperaments. More attention should be paid to mental and behavior problems for the infants. It is necessary to provide guidance for their parents in feeding and education.