儿童孤独症谱系障碍的治疗研究进展

Research advances in the management of autism spectrum disorders in children

摘要:

孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)为一类广泛性神经系统发育障碍,以社会交往及交流障碍、兴趣狭窄、刻板与重复行为为主要特点。目前ASD的发病率呈显著上升趋势,早期合理的个性化综合干预治疗可明显改善患儿预后。由于ASD的病因不明,目前尚无特效药,主要以行为与教育干预为主;对ASD的伴发症状,如易激惹、自伤行为、注意缺陷多动障碍、睡眠问题等,合理应用一些药物,可改善ASD患儿的行为干预效果。随着ASD发病机制的深入研究,布美他尼、催产素、维生素D及高压氧治疗,可有望改善ASD核心症状。该文对目前针对ASD的行为与发展干预及治疗方法进行了综述。

Abstract:

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of developmental dysfuntion of nervous system characterized by social interaction and communication disorders, restricted interests and repetitive stereotyped behaviors. The incidence of ASD has been increasing through the world. Some studies have shown that early reasonable individualized comprehensive intervention can obviously improve the prognosis of children with ASD. The etiology of ASD is unclear now, and behavioral and developmental intervention is the main therapy for ASD. The reasonable application of some drugs can improve the efficacy of the behavioral intervention for concomitant symptoms in ASD. With the in-depth study of the pathogenesis of ASD, bumetanide, oxytocin, vitamin D and hyperbaric oxygen therapy have been found to be promising for the improvement of core symptoms of ASD. This article reviews the research advances in the behavioral and developmental intervention and drug therapy for ASD.