5150例急性下呼吸道感染儿童呼吸道病毒检测结果分析

Detection of respiratory viruses in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection: an analysis of 5 150 children

摘要:

目的 了解急性下呼吸道感染(ALRTI)住院患儿咽拭子呼吸道病毒的分布情况。方法 采用直接免疫荧光法,对该院2014 年3 月至2015 年2 月5 150 例ALRTI 住院患儿咽拭子标本进行流感病毒A 型(FA)、流感病毒B 型(FB)、腺病毒(ADV)、呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)及副流感病毒1、2、3 型(PIV-1、2、3)检测,了解ALRTI 患儿中呼吸道病毒的分布情况。结果 5 150 例住院患儿的咽拭子样本中病毒检测阳性2 155 例(41.84%),其中RSV、 PIV-3 、FA 是检出率最高的前3 位病毒,分别为1 338 例(25.98%)、439 例(8.52%)、166 例(3.22%),并有29 例为2 种病毒混合感染。随年龄增加病毒检出率呈下降趋势(χ²=279.623,P<0.01)。RSV 检测阳性率自9 月开始呈增高趋势,11 月最高,达60.09%,6 月最低,仅为1.51%。PIV-3 检测阳性率5 月最高(21.38%),11 月最低(1.77%)。结论 ALRTI 患儿的病毒流行分布随年龄、季节而不同,秋冬季以RSV 流行为主,春夏季以PIV-3 流行为主。RSV 是ALRTI 住院儿童的最常见病毒。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the distribution of respiratory viruses on throat swabs in hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI). Methods A total of 5 150 children with ALRTI who were admitted to Hebei Children's Hospital between March 2014 and February 2015 were enrolled to investigate the distribution of respiratory viruses in children with ALRTI. Direct immunofluorescence assay was performed for throat swabs from these children to detect influenza virus A (FA), influenza virus B (FB), adenovirus (ADV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3 (PIV-1, PIV-2, and PIV-3). Results Of all the 5 150 throat swabs from hospitalized children, 2 155 (41.84%) had positive virus detection results. RSV had the highest detection rate (1 338 cases/25.98%), followed by PIV-3 (439 cases/8.52%) and FA (166 cases/3.22%), and 29 patients had mixed infection with 2 viruses. With the increasing age, the detection rates of viruses tended to decrease (χ²=279.623; P<0.01). The positive rate of RSV increased gradually from September, and reached the peak value (60.09%) in November; the lowest positive rate occurred in June (1.51%). The positive rate of PIV-3 was the highest in May (21.38%) and the lowest in November (1.77%). Conclusions The distribution of viruses in children with ALRTI varies with age and season, with RSV prevalence in autumn and winter and PIV-3 prevalence in spring and summer. RSV is the most common viral pathogen that causes ALRTI in hospitalized children.