2012~2014年成都地区杯状病毒腹泻住院患儿流行病学与临床特征分析

Epidemiological and clinical features of calicivirus-associated diarrhea in hospitalized children in Chengdu, China from 2012 to 2014

摘要:

目的 了解成都地区近年来杯状病毒所致腹泻住院患儿流行病学与临床特征。方法 对成都市妇女儿童中心医院（四川省成都市唯一一家儿童病毒性腹泻标本收集哨点医院）2012 年1 月至2014 年12 月267 例5 岁以下杯状病毒所致腹泻患儿的临床资料进行回顾性研究。结果 267 例患儿中，男169 例，女98 例。1 岁以内患儿占74.9%（200 例）。2012~2014 年杯状病毒的感染率分别为28.4%、21.6%、27.1%。杯状病毒的流行为夏秋季（8~10 月）。诺如病毒Ⅱ检出率为85.8%（229/267）。244 例（91.4%）患儿为急性病程。大便性状改变以水样便为主（219 例，82.0%），部分含有黏液和/或血丝。发热以中-高热为主。53.9%（138 例）的患儿出现血清前白蛋白水平降低。59.6%（159 例）的患儿出现了菌群失调。结论 杯状病毒已成为成都地区5 岁以下儿童腹泻的主要病原体之一；诺如病毒Ⅱ为该地区的流行优势病珠；杯状病毒的流行季为夏秋季；1 岁以下婴幼儿为杯状病毒腹泻主要发病人群；水样泻为主要表现。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the epidemiological and clinical features of calicivirus-associated diarrhea in hospitalized children in Chengdu, China in recent years. Methods The clinical data of 267 children with calicivirusassociated diarrhea aged <5 years who were hospitalized in Chengdu Women and Children's Central Hospital (the only sentinel hospital for sample collection of pediatric viral diarrhea in Chengdu, Sichuan) between January 2012 and December 2014 were retrospectively studied. Results Among the 267 children, 200 (74.9%) were aged less than 1 year. The infection rate of calicivirus was 28.4%, 21.6%, and 27.1% in 2012, 2013, and 2014, respectively. Calicivirus was prevalent in summer and autumn (August to October). The detection rate of Norovirus II was 85.8% (229/267), and 244 children (91.4%) experienced an acute clinical course. Watery stool was the most common change in stool properties (82.0%, 219 children), and some specimens showed mucus and/or blood. Most children had moderate to severe fever. One hundred and thirty-eight children (53.9%) experienced a reduced serum prealbumin level. One hundred and fiftynine children (59.6%) experienced flora imbalance. Conclusions Calicivirus has become one of the major pathogens for diarrhea in children aged <5 years in Chengdu, with Norovirus II as the dominant strain. Calicivirus is prevalent in summer and autumn. Infants aged <1 year are the main population affected by calicivirus-associated diarrhea, with watery stool as the most common manifestation.