母乳成分与纯母乳喂养婴儿体重增长速率的关系

Relationship between breast milk composition and weight growth velocity of infants fed with exclusive breast milk

摘要:

目的 探讨母乳成分对纯母乳喂养婴儿体重生长速率的影响。方法 选取定期进行儿童保健的138 例纯母乳喂养足月单胎婴儿及其乳母作为研究对象。在定期儿童保健时间点进行婴儿体重、身长及头围的测量，采用Z 积分计算生长速度，并根据ΔZ 积分将研究对象分为生长不良组（ΔZ 积分 ≤ -0.67）、生长速度低下组（-0.67 < ΔZ 积分<0）和正常对照组（ΔZ 积分 ≥ 0）。采集婴儿母亲成熟乳进行母乳成分分析，比较3 组成熟乳中蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、矿物质和能量的水平差异。结果 生长不良组、生长速度低下组体重ΔZ 积分显著低于正常对照组（P < 0.05）。生长不良组、生长速度低下组成熟乳中蛋白质、脂肪含量及能量水平与正常对照组相比差异无统计学意义，但碳水化合物和矿物质含量均低于正常对照组（P < 0.05）。结论 成熟乳母乳成分可短时间内在一定程度上影响纯母乳喂养婴儿的体重增长速率，乳母应均衡膳食，提高成熟乳质量以维持婴儿良好的体格生长速率。

Abstract:

Objective To study the effect of breast milk composition on weight growth velocity of infants fed with exclusive breast milk. Methods One hundred and thirty-eight full-term singleton infants who received regular follow-up visits and fed with exclusive breast milk and their mothers were recruited. Body height, weight and head circumference of these infants were measured at regular visits. Z scores were used to evaluate growth velocity. The subjects were classified into a failure to thrive group (ΔZ scores ≤ -0.67), a poor growth group (-0.67 < ΔZ scores<0) and a normal control group (ΔZ scores ≥ 0). The samples of mature breast milk were collected for composition analysis. The differences in the levels of the protein, fats, energy, carbohydrates and minerals in breast milk were compared among the three groups. Results ΔZ scores for weight in the failure to thrive and poor growth groups were lower than in the normal control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the levels of protein, fats and energy in breast milk among the failure to thrive, poor growth and normal control groups. However, the levels of carbohydrates and minerals in both the failure to thrive and poor growth groups were lower than in the normal control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions Weight growth velocity of infants can be affected by the composition of breast milk to a certain degree in a short period. In order to maintain a good weight growth velocity of infants, mothers should have a balanced diet to improve the quality of breast milk.