61例极低出生体重早产儿生后第一年生长发育的随访

A follow-up on first-year growth and development of 61 very low birth weight preterm infants

摘要:

目的 探讨极低出生体重早产儿生后第一年生长发育情况及相关影响因素。方法 对61例极低出生体重早产儿进行出生后第一年的生长发育监测。采用Z评分法评价体格指标、丹佛发育筛查测验(DDST)进行发育筛查。结果 61例中小于胎龄儿(SGA)27例(44.3%),适于胎龄儿(AGA)34例(55.7%)。随访1年,年龄别体重(WAZ)、年龄别身长(HAZ)、年龄别头围(HCZ)、身长别体重(WHZ)的Z积分中位数均>-1 SD;年龄别体质指数(BMI)的Z积分(BAZ)以及WHZ的高峰在纠正年龄1个月。纠正胎龄40周时,低体重、生长迟缓、消瘦、小头畸形、超重和肥胖等的生长偏离发生率最高,分别为15%、16%、11%、13%、20%和10%。与纠正胎龄40周比,纠正年龄6个月及9~12个月的超重发生率(3%,3%)明显降低(P < 0.05)。至生后第一年,15例(25%)发育商(DQ)异常。SGA组DQ异常率高于AGA组(P < 0.05)。小于胎龄为极低出生体重早产儿生后第一年生长落后的独立危险因素。结论 极低出生体重早产儿在纠正龄3个月以内生长偏离明显。生后第一年DDST筛查异常的比例较高。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the physical growth and psychomotor development of very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants in the first year after birth and related influencing factors. Methods A total of 61 VLBW preterm infants received growth and development monitoring for 12 months. Z score was used to evaluate parameters for physical growth, and Denver Development Screen Test (DDST) was used for development screening. Results Among the 61 VLBW preterm infants, 27 (44.3%) were small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants, and 34 (55.7%) were appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) infants. During the 1-year follow-up, the median weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ), height-for-age Z-score (HAZ), head circumference-for-age Z-score (HCZ), and weight-for-height Z score (WHZ) were >-1 SD in all age groups. The peaks of body mass index-for-age Z-score (BAZ) and WHZ appeared at 1 month of corrected age. At a corrected age of 40 weeks, the incidence rates of underweight, growth retardation, emaciation, microcephalus, overweight, and obesity were 15%, 16%, 11%, 13%, 20%, and 10%, respectively. Compared with those with a corrected age of 40 weeks, the infants with a corrected age of 6 months or 9-12 months had a significantly reduced incidence rate of overweight (3%) (P < 0.05). Up to 1 year after birth, 15 infants (25%) had abnormal developmental quotient (DQ). The SGA group had a significantly higher incidence rate of abnormal DQ than the AGA group (P<0.05). SGA was the independent risk factor for retarded growth in the first year after birth in VLBW preterm infants.Conclusions VLBW preterm infants experience an obvious growth deviation within 3 months of corrected age. Within the first year after birth, the proportion of infants with abnormal DQ screened by DDST is high.