学龄期轻度孤独症谱系障碍儿童注意力特征分析

Characteristics of attention in school-age children with mild autism spectrum disorder

摘要:

目的 探讨学龄期轻度孤独症谱系障碍 （ASD）儿童的注意力特征，为临床治疗提供依据。方法 收集学龄期轻度ASD儿童20例，使用整合视听持续性操作测试 （IVA-CPT）进行注意力评估。选取20名注意缺陷多动障碍 （ADHD）儿童和40名正常儿童作为对照。结果 与正常对照组比较，ASD组的综合注意、综合控制、视/ 听觉综合控制力、视/听觉谨慎、听觉毅力、视觉一致性、视/听觉警醒、视觉注意力、视觉速度商数，视/听觉正确反应数和视觉二、三阶段平均反应时得分低 （P <0.05）。与ADHD组比，ASD 组的综合控制力、听觉一致性、商数得分高 （P <0.05），而视觉警醒、视觉速度商数得分低 （P <0.05）。结论 学龄期轻度ASD儿童存在注意缺陷，以注意集中能力缺陷为主且与ADHD 儿童受损相当，而注意控制能力受损相对较轻且优于ADHD儿童；视觉注意集中能力缺陷重于听觉，而视/听觉注意控制能力缺陷无明显差别。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the characteristics of attention in school-age children with mild autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and to provide a basis for clinical treatment. Methods A total of 20 school-age children with mild ASD were enrolled, and the intermediate visual and auditory continuous performance test (IVA-CPT) was used to assess their attention. A total of 20 children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 40 healthy children were enrolled as controls. Results Compared with the normal control group, the ASD group showed significantly lower scores of full scale attention quotient, full scale response control quotient, visual/auditory full scale response control quotient, visual/auditory prudence quotient, auditory perseverance quotient, visual consistency quotient, visual/ auditory vigilance quotient, visual attention quotient, visual speed quotient, number of correct visual/auditory reactions, and visual mean reaction time of the second and third phases (P<0.05). Compared with the ADHD group, the ASD group showed significantly higher scores of full scale response control quotient and auditory consistency quotient (P<0.05), as well as significantly lower scores of visual vigilance quotient and visual speed quotient (P<0.05). Conclusions Schoolage children with mild ASD have attention deficit mainly manifested as the defect in the ability to focus attention, which is similar to the defect in children with ADHD, but ASD children have a lower degree of attention control impairment compared with children with ADHD. The defect in the ability to focus visual attention is more severe than that in the ability to focus auditory attention, while there is no significant difference between the defects in visual and auditory attention control.