重庆市丰都县学龄儿童高血压发生与营养的关系

Association between development of hypertension and nutrition in school-age children in Fengdu County of Chongqing, China

摘要:

目的 探讨重庆丰都县学龄儿童高血压的发生与营养的关系。方法 采用整群随机抽样方法，选取重庆丰都县2所公立小学且户籍为该学校所在街道的8033名儿童作为研究对象，进行身高、体重和血压测定，采用半定量食物频率问卷进行膳食调查，分析体重指数 （BMI）、膳食营养素与儿童高血压发生的关系。结果 最终纳入7538名儿童进行分析，肥胖、超重、高血压检出率分别为9.11%、12.27%、11.83%；肥胖、超重儿童中高血压检出率分别为33.62%、17.84%，分别是正常儿童的4.02、2.13倍。Logistic多因素逐步回归分析显示，钙、钠摄入增加会增加高血压发生的风险 （分别OR=1.003、1.002），而铁、单位体重钙摄入增加会降低高血压发生的风险 （分别OR=0.979、0.926）。结论 重庆丰都县学龄儿童高血压、肥胖流行趋势严峻，BMI和膳食营养素与儿童高血压发生密切相关，需积极控制儿童体重、调整饮食结构、限制钠摄入，以降低儿童高血压的发生。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the association between the development of hypertension and nutrition in school-age children in Fengdu County of Chongqing, China. Methods A total of 8 033 children from 2 public primary schools in Fengdu County of Chongqing, whose registered residence was in the subdistricts where the two schools were located, were selected as study subjects using cluster random sampling. Body height, body weight, and blood pressure were measured, and the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used for dietary survey. The association between body mass index (BMI), dietary nutrients, and the development of hypertension in children was analyzed. Results A total of 7 538 children were enrolled for analysis. The detection rates of obesity, overweight, and hypertension were 9.11%, 12.27%, and 11.83% respectively. In children with obesity and overweight, the detection rate of hypertension was 33.62% and 17.84% respectively, 4.02 and 2.13 times that in normal children. The multivariate logistic stepwise regression analysis revealed that increased intake of calcium and sodium increased the risk of hypertension (OR=1.003 and 1.002 respectively), while the increased iron intake and calcium intake per unit body weight reduced the risk of hypertension (OR=0.979 and 0.926 respectively). Conclusions The prevalence of hypertension and obesity in school-age children in Fengdu County of Chongqing is high. BMI and dietary nutrients are closely associated with the development of hypertension in children. Active control of body weight, adjustment of dietary structure, and limitation of sodium intake should be adopted to reduce the development of hypertension in school-age children.