陕南农村地区6~12月龄婴儿贫血的风险因素分析

Risk factors for anemia in infants aged 6-12 months from rural areas of southern Shaanxi Province, China

摘要:

目的 探讨陕南农村地区6~12月龄婴儿的贫血发生情况及其风险因素。方法 采用问卷调查方法收集陕南农村地区6~12月龄婴儿的个人和家庭基本情况、喂养行为信息，并测定血红蛋白含量。采用多因素logistic逐步回归法分析婴儿贫血发生的风险因素。结果 共有1802例婴儿及其家庭参与该调查，有效样本1770例。婴儿贫血检出865例 （48.87%，865/1770）。多因素logistic逐步回归分析显示，生后一直母乳喂养 （多未科学添加辅食） 增加婴儿患贫血的风险 （OR=1.768，P < 0.01）；辅食添加符合WHO推荐的最小进餐频率标准 （OR=0.779，P < 0.05） 及使用配方奶喂养 （OR=0.658，P < 0.01） 是婴儿贫血的保护因素。结论 在陕南农村地区6~12月龄婴儿贫血依然是严重的公共卫生问题。喂养不当会增加婴儿贫血的风险，减少婴儿贫血的关键是科学添加辅食。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the prevalence of anemia and related risk factors in infants aged 6-12 months from rural areas of southern Shaanxi Province. Methods A questionnaire survey was used to collect the basic information on infants aged 6-12 months and their families from rural areas of southern Shaanxi Province, China. The content of hemoglobin was measured in these infants. A multivariate logistic stepwise regression analysis was performed to determine the risk factors for the development of anemia in infants. Results A total of 1 802 infants and their families participated in the survey, and there were 1 770 valid samples. A total of 865 infants (865/1 770, 48.87%) were found to have anemia. The multivariate logistic stepwise regression analysis showed that breastfeeding after birth (lack of scientific supplementary food) increased the risk of anemia in infants (OR=1.768, P < 0.01). Addition of supplementary food which met the criteria for minimum feeding frequency recommended by WHO (OR=0.779, P < 0.05) and formula milk feeding (OR=0.658, P < 0.01) were protective factors against anemia in infants. Conclusions In the rural areas in southern Shaanxi Province, anemia in infants aged 6-12 months is still a serious public health problem. Improper feeding can increase the risk of anemia in infants, and scientific addition of supplementary food is the key to reducing anemia in infants.