气管支气管软化患儿潮气呼吸肺功能特征的研究

Characteristics of tidal breathing pulmonary function in children with tracheobronchomalacia

摘要:

目的 探讨气管支气管软化（TBM）患儿潮气呼吸肺功能的特征，为TBM患儿的诊断、疗效评估、预后判断提供新的思路。方法 选取30例经电子支气管镜诊断为TBM的患儿作为研究组，30例健康儿童作为正常对照组。正常对照组和TBM组初诊时以及确诊后3个月、6个月、9个月、12个月进行潮气呼吸肺功能测定。结果 TBM确诊时与对照组在潮气量及吸气时间、呼气时间、吸呼比的差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）；与对照组比，TBM组确诊时的呼吸频率较快，达峰时间比和达峰容积比较低，差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.01）；TBM患儿初诊时及确诊后3、6、9、12个月的潮气呼吸肺功能达峰时间比、达峰容积比逐渐增大。结论 TBM患儿潮气呼吸肺功能具有特征性改变，而且随着年龄增大，潮气呼吸肺功能逐渐接近正常。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the characteristics of tidal breathing pulmonary function in children with tracheobronchomalacia (TBM). Methods In this study, 30 children who were diagnosed with TBM using electronic bronchoscopy were enrolled in the observation group; 30 healthy children were recruited in the normal control group. For individuals in each group, the assessment of tidal breath pulmonary function was performed at diagnosis and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after diagnosis. Results There were no significant differences in tidal volume, inspiratory time, expiratory time, and inspiratory to expiratory ratio between the two groups (P > 0.05). Compared with the control group, the observation group had a significantly higher respiratory rate and significantly lower ratio of time to peak tidal expiratory flow to total expiratory time (TPTEF/TE) and ratio of volume to peak tidal expiratory flow to total expiratory volume (VPTEF/VE). There was a time-dependent increase in TPTEF/TE and VPTEF/VE for TBM children from the time of initial diagnosis to 12 months after diagnosis. Conclusions Tidal breathing pulmonary function has characteristic changes in children with TBM. Tidal breathing pulmonary function tends to be recovered with increased age in children with TBM.