安徽省芜湖市城区0~24月龄婴幼儿过敏性疾病的危险因素分析

Risk factors for allergic diseases in children aged 0-24 months in the Wuhu urban area, Anhui Province, China

摘要:

目的 了解安徽省芜湖城区0~24月龄婴幼儿过敏性疾病既往发病情况，探讨婴幼儿过敏性疾病的危险因素，为今后婴幼儿过敏性疾病的防治工作及发病机制的深入研究提供理论参考。方法 采取整群随机抽样的方法对600名安徽省芜湖市城区0~24月龄婴幼儿母亲进行问卷调查，询问疾病史、家族史、孕期及育儿等情况，运用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析方法对资料进行分析。结果 在纳入分析的597名婴幼儿中，既往被确诊为过敏性疾病者共56例 （9.4%）。单因素分析显示，月龄、解热镇痛药物使用、父亲过敏史、直系祖辈亲属过敏史和孕期母亲鱼虾蟹贝类食用5项因素与既往罹患过敏性疾病相关联 （P < 0.05）。多因素回归分析显示，月龄、父亲过敏史、直系祖辈亲属过敏史与既往罹患过敏性疾病存在正关联 （OR依次为：4.0~4.9、2.7、2.4，均P < 0.05），而母亲孕期经常食用鱼虾蟹贝类与既往罹患过敏性疾病存在负关联 （OR=0.3，P < 0.05）。结论 过敏家族史是安徽省芜湖城区0~24月龄婴幼儿过敏性疾病发生的独立危险因素，而母亲孕期经常食用鱼虾蟹贝类是其保护因素。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the prevalence of allergic diseases in children aged 0-24 months in the Wuhu urban area of Anhui Province and risk factors for allergic diseases. Methods Cluster random sampling was performed to select 600 children aged 0-24 months and their mothers from the Wuhu urban area, and a questionnaire survey was conducted to collect the data of disease history, family history, mothers' conditions during pregnancy, and child-rearing situation. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed for such data. Results Among the 597 children included in the analysis, 56 (9.4%) were diagnosed with allergic diseases in the past. The univariate analysis showed that the age, use of antipyretic and analgesic drugs, a history of allergy in the father or grandparents, and the consumption of fish, shrimps, crabs, and shellfish during pregnancy were significantly associated with past allergic diseases (P < 0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the age and a history of allergy in the father or grandparents were positively associated with past allergic diseases (OR=4.0-4.9, 2.7, and 2.4 respectively; P < 0.05), while frequent consumption of fish, shrimps, crabs, and shellfish during pregnancy was negatively associated with past allergic diseases (OR=0.3; P < 0.05). Conclusions A family history of allergy is an independent risk factor for allergic diseases in children aged 0-24 months in the Wuhu urban area of Anhui Province, while frequent consumption of fish, shrimps, crabs, and shellfish during pregnancy is a protective factor.