妊高征对极低出生体重早产儿并发症的影响

Effect of pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome on complications in very low birth weight preterm infants

摘要:

目的 研究妊娠高血压综合征（妊高征）对极低出生体重早产儿并发症的影响。方法 收集极低出生体重早产儿作为研究对象，根据母亲是否患有妊高征分为两组，比较两组患儿主要并发症发生率及住院时间。结果 （1）两组患儿间胎龄、出生体重、性别、母亲糖尿病发生率、产前激素使用率的差异均无统计学意义，妊高征组SGA发生率明显高于非妊高征组。（2）妊高征组支气管肺发育不良（BPD）发生率明显低于非妊高征组，而早产儿呼吸暂停（AOP）、坏死性小肠结肠炎（NEC）、早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）、早产儿颅内出血-脑白质病变（IVH-PVL）发生率及住院天数的差异均无统计学意义。（3）两组间NRDS发生率无差异，但妊高征组NRDS患儿PS使用率明显低于非妊高征组。结论 妊高征可减轻早产儿呼吸系统并发症，降低PS使用率，减少BPD发生率。

Abstract:

Objective To study the effect of pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome (PIH) on complications in very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants. Methods The VLBW preterm infants were enrolled as research subjects, and according to the presence or absence of PIH in their mothers, they were divided into PIH group and non-PIH group. The incidence of major complications and length of hospital stay were compared between the two groups. Results There were no significant differences between the two groups in gestational age, birth weight, sex, incidence rate of maternal diabetes, and use of antepartum hormone. The PIH group had a significantly higher rate of birth of small-for-gestational-age infants than the non-PIH group. The PIH group had a significantly lower incidence rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) than the non-PIH group, while there were no significant differences between the two groups in the incidence rates of apnea of prematurity, necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity, and intraventricular hemorrhage-periventricular leukomalacia, and the length of hospital stay. There was no significant difference in the incidence rate of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome between the two groups, but the PIH group had a significantly lower proportion of infants who used pulmonary surfactant than the non-PIH group. Conclusions PIH can alleviate respiratory complications and reduce the use of pulmonary surfactant and the incidence rate of BPD in preterm infants.