婴幼儿牛奶蛋白过敏对罗马Ⅳ标准功能性胃肠病诊断的影响

Influence of cow's milk protein allergy on the diagnosis of functional gastrointestinal diseases based on the Rome IV standard in infants and young children

摘要:

目的 探讨婴幼儿牛奶蛋白过敏（CMPA）对罗马Ⅳ标准功能性胃肠病（FGID）诊断的影响。方法 选取84例1月龄至3岁的CMPA患儿作为病例组，84例健康体检确诊无CMPA的婴幼儿作为对照组。由儿科消化专科医生使用罗马Ⅳ标准FGID诊断问卷询问两组婴幼儿的父母，评估临床症状，进行FGID诊断。结果 病例组家族过敏史发生率明显高于对照组（P < 0.05）。84例病例组中，38例（45%）符合罗马Ⅳ版诊断FGID的标准；而84例对照组中，13例（15%）符合罗马Ⅳ版诊断FGID的标准（P < 0.05）。根据FGID罗马Ⅳ标准，婴儿反流、功能性腹泻、婴儿排便困难、功能性便秘等胃肠病，病例组的诊断率均高于对照组（P < 0.05）。对对照组中诊断为FGID的患儿进行FGID常规治疗，病例组中诊断为FGID的患儿除常规治疗外，进行了牛奶蛋白回避治疗。治疗3个月后，病例组的症状缓解率显著高于对照组（P < 0.05）。结论 在婴幼儿中，CMPA对罗马Ⅳ标准FGID的诊断有重要影响，诊断FGID时应该考虑CMPA的可能。

Abstract:

Objective To study the influence of cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) on the diagnosis of functional gastrointestinal diseases (FGID) based on the Rome IV standard in infants and young children.Methods A total of 84 children aged 1 month to 3 years who were diagnosed with CMPA were enrolled as the case group, and 84 infants and young children who underwent physical examination and had no CMPA were enrolled as the control group. The pediatricians specializing in gastroenterology asked parents using a questionnaire for the diagnosis of FGID based on the Rome IV standard to assess clinical symptoms and to diagnose FGID.Results The case group had a significantly higher incidence rate of a family history of allergies than the control group (P<0.05). In the case group, 38 (45%) met the Rome IV standard for the diagnosis of FGID, while in the control group, 13 (15%) met this standard (P<0.05). According to the Rome IV standard for FGID, the case group had significantly higher diagnostic rates of reflex, functional diarrhea, difficult defecation, and functional constipation than the control group (P<0.05). The children who were diagnosed with FIGD in the control group were given conventional treatment, and those in the case group were asked to avoid the intake of cow's milk protein in addition to the conventional treatment. After 3 months of treatment, the case group had a significantly higher response rate to the treatment than the control group (P<0.05).Conclusions In infants and young children, CMPA has great influence on the diagnosis of FGID based on the Rome IV standard. The possibility of CMPA should be considered during the diagnosis of FGID.