孤独症谱系障碍儿童的诊断年龄及其影响因素

Age of diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder in children and factors influencing the age of diagnosis

摘要:

目的 研究孤独症谱系障碍（ASD）儿童的诊断年龄，探讨ASD诊断年龄的影响因素。方法 收集2011年2月至2017年7月于重庆医科大学附属儿童医院首次就诊后确诊为ASD的1691例儿童的临床资料。应用多元线性回归模型分析影响ASD诊断年龄的相关因素。结果 ASD诊断年龄平均为35±17个月（范围9~175个月），其中24~35个月获得确诊者占比最高（46.13%，780/1 691），其次为≥ 36个月（33.41%，565/1 691）。多元线性回归分析显示，有语言障碍、居住在主城区、父母学历高的ASD儿童诊断年龄较早（P < 0.05）。结论 儿童ASD的诊断年龄多在24~35个月。ASD诊断年龄与个体主要症状、居住地区和父母文化程度有关。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the age of diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the factors influencing the age of diagnosis in children. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 1691 children who visited in the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University for the first time and were definitely diagnosed with ASD between February 2011 and July 2017. A multiple linear regression model was used to identify the factors influencing the age of diagnosis of ASD. Results The ASD children had a mean age of 35±17 months (range 9-175 months) at diagnosis. Of all 1691 children, the children who received a diagnosis of ASD at the age of 24-35 months accounted for the highest proportion (46.13%, 780/1691), followed by those at the age of ≥ 36 months (33.41%, 565/1 691). The multiple linear regression analysis showed that the children who had language disorders or lived in the main urban area or whose parents had a high education level had a younger age at diagnosis than other children (P < 0.05). Conclusions Most ASD children have an age of 24-35 months at diagnosis. The age of diagnosis of ASD is associated with children's symptoms, living area, and parents' education level.