福州市学龄前儿童单纯性肥胖患病率调查及高危因素分析

Prevalence of simple obesity and its high-risk factors in preschool children in Fuzhou, China

摘要:

目的 调查福州市学龄前儿童单纯性肥胖患病率及高危因素。方法 分层整群随机抽取福建省福州市14所幼儿园体检数据，统计单纯性肥胖检出率。按1：1病例对照方法选择体重正常儿童为对照组。采用自制问卷表及多因素logistic回归分析对可能与儿童单纯性肥胖发生相关的因素进行调查与分析。结果 共纳入5 767例3~6岁儿童，单纯性肥胖检出率为5.01%（289例），其中轻度肥胖153例，中重度肥胖136例。随着年龄增加，儿童单纯性肥胖检出率逐步增加。多因素logistic回归分析显示，偏爱油炸食品（OR=4.789）、养育者过度关注饮食（OR=4.620）、睡前进食（OR=4.006）、进食快（OR=3.221）、偏爱甜食（OR=2.282）、出生体重大（OR=2.202）、父亲超重或肥胖（OR=2.074）、母亲超重或肥胖（OR=2.047）、进食量超过同龄20%以上（OR=2.013）、爱看电视（OR=1.665）、运动不足（OR=1.463）等是引起学龄前儿童单纯性肥胖的独立危险因素（均P < 0.05）。结论 福州市学龄前儿童单纯性肥胖的患病率为5.01%，其发病受诸多因素影响，提示需要在医生、家长和老师的共同参与下，加强学龄前儿童健康教育、培养儿童良好生活习惯和饮食习惯、增强体育锻炼等多途径综合干预，以降低学龄前儿童单纯性肥胖的发生。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the prevalence of simple obesity and its risk factors in preschool children in Fuzhou, China. Methods The physical examination data of 14 kindergartens in Fuzhou, China were collected by stratified cluster random sampling. The detection rate of simple obesity was calculated. The children with normal body weight were selected as the control group by 1:1 case-control method. The risk factors for childhood simple obesity were investigated by self-made questionnaire and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 5767 children aged 3-6 years were enrolled in this study. A total of 289 (5.01%) children with simple obesity were screened out, including 153 with mild obesity and 136 with moderate to severe obesity. The prevalence rate of simple obesity gradually increased with the age of children. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the following factors were independent risk factors for simple obesity:preference for fried food (OR=4.789, P < 0.05), caregivers' over-concern about diet (OR=4.620, P < 0.05), eating before sleep (OR=4.006, P < 0.05), eating fast (OR=3.221, P < 0.05), preference for sweets (OR=2.282, P < 0.05), high birth weight (OR=2.202, P < 0.05), overweight or obesity in father (OR=2.074, P < 0.05), overweight or obesity in mother (OR=2.047, P < 0.05), more than 1.2 times the food intake at the same age (OR=2.013, P < 0.05), watching TV (OR=1.665, P < 0.05), and lack of exercise (OR=1.463, P < 0.05). Conclusions The prevalence rate of simple obesity is 5.01% in preschool children in Fuzhou, China. The development of simple obesity is multifactorial. It is suggested that doctors, parents, and teachers should strengthen health education for preschool children, help them develop good living and eating habits, and encourage them to take more exercise, in order to reduce the development of simple obesity.