γ-氨基丁酸信号通路在孤独症谱系障碍中的作用研究进展

A review on the role of γ-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway in autism spectrum disorder

摘要:

孤独症谱系障碍（ASD）的病因及发病机制尚不明确。目前研究表明，ASD患儿存在多种神经递质异常，主要集中于谷氨酸（Glu）、γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）、多巴胺、5-羟色胺和催产素等。兴奋性Glu能神经递质和抑制性GABA能神经递质失衡与ASD的发病密切相关。ASD动物模型研究及ASD临床研究均提示GABA信号通路可能在ASD的发病机制中发挥重要作用。因此，该文将GABA信号通路与ASD发病机制的相关研究进行了综述，以进一步探讨ASD的发病机制，为ASD的治疗提供理论依据。

Abstract:

The etiology and pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are not yet clear. Studies have shown that there are many neurotransmitter abnormalities in children with ASD, mainly involving in glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), dopamine, 5-HT and oxytocin. The imbalance of excitatory glutamatergic neurotransmitters and inhibitory GABAergic neurotransmitters is closely related to the pathogenesis of ASD. Both animal model studies and clinical studies on ASD suggest that GABA signaling pathway may play an important role in the pathogenesis of ASD. This article reviews the research on the association between GABA signaling pathway and the pathogenesis of ASD to further explore the pathogenesis of ASD and provide theoretical basis for the treatment of ASD.