铁缺乏对早产儿神经发育影响的研究进展

Research advances in the relationship between iron deficiency and neurodevelopment in preterm infants

摘要:

铁缺乏是儿童最常见的微量营养素缺乏性疾病，早产儿出生时铁储备不足，加上生后快速的追赶性生长，缺铁的发生率更高。在脑发育关键期，铁缺乏通过改变铁依赖的神经代谢、神经化学、神经解剖以及基因/蛋白组分，影响中枢神经系统，最终导致神经认知和行为发育改变。婴幼儿期的铁剂补充无法恢复围产期缺铁对神经发育的负性影响。缺铁对神经系统发育的影响具有时间、区域特异性，对高危人群应该早期诊断，尽早给予适宜铁剂治疗，对于早产儿脑功能的恢复、生存质量的提高、远期预后的改善具有十分重要的意义。

Abstract:

Iron deficiency (ID) is the most common micronutrient deficiency in children. Due to insufficient iron storage at birth and rapid catch-up growth after birth, preterm infants tend to have a high incidence rate of ID. During the critical period of brain development, ID alters iron-dependent neurometabolism, neurochemistry, neuroanatomy, and gene/protein profiles. This affects the central nervous system and causes the change in neurocognitive and behavioral development. Iron supplementation in infancy cannot reverse neurodevelopmental impairment caused by perinatal ID. The influence of ID on neurodevelopment is time-and region-specific, and in the high-risk population, early diagnosis and optimal iron treatment may help with the recovery of brain function and improve quality of life and long-term prognosis in preterm infants.