2006~2016年11年间早产儿发生率及病死率的单中心研究

A single-center study on the incidence and mortality of preterm infants from 2006 to 2016

摘要:

目的 探讨早产儿发生率及病死率以及早产儿死亡的主要原因。方法 通过病案室记录、出入院登记本查对并记录早产儿的基本信息，统计其发生率、病死率、死亡原因。结果 2006年1月至2016年12月徐州市妇幼保健院共有76 812例新生儿出生，其中早产儿5 585例，早产儿发生率为7.27%，其发生率呈增长趋势（P < 0.001）；总体病死率为5.01%（280/5 585），其病死率呈下降趋势（P < 0.001）。出生体重越低、胎龄越小，病死率越高（P < 0.001）。早产儿死亡主要病因前4位依次为呼吸窘迫综合征（44.3%）、重度窒息（12.9%）、新生儿畸形（4.3%）、肺出血（2.9%）。随着出生体重的增大，因呼吸窘迫综合征及重度窒息的早产儿死亡构成比呈明显下降趋势（P < 0.001）。结论 2006~2016年11年间早产儿的发生率呈上升趋势，病死率呈下降趋势。早产儿病死率与出生胎龄及体重有关。呼吸窘迫综合征、重度窒息是早产儿的主要死亡原因。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the incidence and mortality rates of preterm infants and the main causes of death. Methods The basic information of preterm infants was collected from their medical records and admission/discharge records to analyze the incidence and mortality rates of preterm infants and the causes of their death. Results There were 76 812 neonates born in the Xuzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2006 to December 2016, among whom 5585 (7.27%) were preterm infants. The incidence rate of preterm infants tended to increase over these years (P < 0.001). The overall mortality rate was 5.01% (280/5585), and the mortality rate tended to decrease over these years (P < 0.001). The mortality rate increased with the reductions in birth weight and gestational age (P < 0.001). The top four causes of death in preterm infants were respiratory distress syndrome (44.3%), severe asphyxia (12.9%), neonatal malformation (4.3%), and pulmonary hemorrhage (2.9%) respectively. With the increase in birth weight, there were significant reductions in the constituent ratios of death due to respiratory distress syndrome and severe asphyxia (P < 0.001). Conclusions The incidence rate of preterm infants tended to increase and their mortality rate tended to decrease from 2006 to 2016. The mortality rate of preterm infants is associated with gestational age and birth weight. Respiratory distress syndrome and severe asphyxia are the main causes of death in preterm infants.