健康婴儿与过敏性疾病婴儿肠道双歧杆菌构建差异初探

A preliminary study of the difference in composition of intestinal bifidobacteria between healthy infants and infants with allergic diseases

摘要:

目的 通过比较健康婴儿与过敏性疾病婴儿肠道双歧杆菌的构建规律，探讨婴儿肠道双歧杆菌与过敏性疾病的关系。方法 收集48例婴儿生后第0（胎便）、2、7、15天，1、6、12月时共7个时间点的粪便样品，其中22例在1岁以前患过过敏性疾病的婴儿组成过敏组，26例健康婴儿作为健康组，使用实时荧光定量PCR技术对婴儿粪便中双歧杆菌属及8种双歧杆菌菌种进行定性及定量分析。结果 两组婴儿在0~1月期间肠道双歧杆菌构建过程不同，健康组第2天表现出双歧杆菌下降的"重建"特征，而过敏组不存在此特征。过敏组第1月时双歧杆菌属的检出量低于健康组（P < 0.05）；第15天时B.breve的检出率低于健康组（P < 0.05），且B.infantis定植延迟。结论 婴儿出生后0~1月的肠道双歧杆菌及其构建规律可能与过敏性疾病的发生有关，该时期可能是婴儿出生后过敏性疾病的防治关键期。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the association between intestinal bifidobacteria and allergic diseases in infants by comparing the composition of intestinal bifidobacteria between healthy infants and infants with allergic diseases. Methods A total of 48 infants were enrolled, and fecal samples were collected on days 0, 2, 7, and 15 and at months 1, 6, and 12 after birth. Among these infants, 22 who experienced allergic diseases before the age of 1 year were enrolled as allergic group and 26 healthy infants were enrolled as healthy group. Quantitative real-time PCR was used for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of Bifidobacterium and 8 species of bifidobacteria in fecal samples. Results There was a difference in the composition of intestinal bifidobacteria between the two groups within 1 month after birth:the healthy group showed a reduction in bifidobacteria on day 2, while this feature was not observed in the allergic group. Compared with the healthy group, the allergic group had a significantly lower detection count of Bifidobacterium at month 1 (P < 0.05) and a significantly lower detection rate of B.breve on day 15 (P < 0.05), with delayed colonization of B.infantis. Conclusions Intestinal bifidobacteria and their composition within 1 month after birth may be associated with the development of allergic diseases, and this period of time may be a critical period for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases in infants.